Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/260

 244 MAENARIAE INSULAL. vaXevs), a town of Arcadia, and the capital of the district Maenalia (VlaivaXla, Time. v. 64; Paus. iii. 11. § 7, vi. 7. § 9, viii. 9. § 4), which formed part of the territory of Megalopolis upon the foun- dation of the latter city. A list of the towns in Jlae- nalia is given in Vol. I. p. 192. The town Maenalus was in ruins in the time of Pausanias, who mentions a temple of Athena, a stadium, and a hippodrome, as belonging to the place. (Paus. viii. 3. § 4, 30. § 8 ; StPph. B. ."!. V.) Its site is uncertain. Ross supposes that the remains of polygonal walls on the isolated hill, on the right bank of the river Helisson and opposite the village Davia, represent Maenalus; aid this appears more probable than the opinion of Leake, who identifies this site with Dipaea, and thiidis that Maenalus stood on Mt. Apano-hhrcpa. (Hoss, Reisen im Peloponnes, vol. i. p. 117; Leakp, Jlorea, vol. ii. p. 52, Peloponnesiaca, p. 243.) [Dipaea.] MAENA'RIAE INSULAE, a cluster of little islands in the gulf of Palma, off the coast of the Greater Balcaris. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 11.) [P. S.] MAE'NOBA (Mela, ii. 6. § 7; Plin. iii. 1. s. 3; Mavo§a, Ptol. ii.4.§ 7; Menova, liin.Ant. p. 405 : Velez Malar/a), a town of the Bastuli Poeni, on the S. coast of Baetica, 12 M. P. E. of Malaca, on a river of the same name ( Velez). Strabo (iii.p. 143) also men- tions Maenoba(MaiVo§a),with Astra, Nabrissa.Onoba, and Ossonoba, as towns remarkable for their situation on tidal estuaries ; whence Ukert argues that, since not only all the other places thus mentioned were otitside of the Straits, but also Strabo's description necessarily applies to an estuary exposed to the tides of the Atlantic, we must seek for his Maenoba else- wliei-e than on the tideless Jlediterranean. Accord- ingly, he places it on the river Maenoba or Jlenuba (G(«j<fM7?jar), the lowest of the great tributaries of the Baetis, on its right side, mentioned both by Pliny (iii. 1. s. 3), and in an inscription found at San Lu~ car la Mayor (Caro, ap.Florez.Esp.S. vol.ix.p.47), up which river the tide extends to a considerable distance. (Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1, pp. 288, 349, 350.) This argument, though doubtful, has certainly some force, and it is adopted by Spruner in his Atlas. [P. S.] MAE'NOBA (MaiVoga), rivers. [Maenoba.] MAENOBO'RA {UaivoSdipa), a town of the Mastiani, in the S. of Spain, mentioned by Hecataeus (ap. Steph. B. s. v.), seems to be identical with Maenoba on the S. coast of Baetica. [P. S.] MAEO'NIA (Maiori'a), an ancient name of Lydia. [Lydia.] There was, also, in later times a town of this name in Lydia, mentioned by Pliny (v. 29. s. 30), Hierocles (p. 670), and in the Episcopal No- titia; and of which several coins are extant. Its ruins li:ive been found at a place called Megiie. 5 English miles W. of Sandal. (Hamilton, Researches, vol. ii. p. 139.) COIN OF MAEONIA. MAEO'TAE (Maiirai, Scyl. p. 31 ; Strab. xi. pp. 492, 494; Plin. iv. 26; Maeotici, Pomp. Mela, i. 2. § 0, i. 19. § 17; Plin. vi. 7), a collective name which was given to the peoples about the Palus MAEPHA. JIaeotis as early as the logographer Hellanicus (p. 78), if we read with his editor Sturz (for Ma- Aiirai), Maiwrai. According to Strabo (I. c.) they lived partly on fish, and partly tilled the land, but were no less warlike than their nomad neighbours. He enumerates the following subdivisions of the Maeotae: Sindi, Dandarii, Toreatae, Agri, Arreclii, Tarpetes, Obidiaceni, Sittaceni, Dosci, and many others. These wild hordes were sometimes tributaiy to the factory at the Tanais, and at other times to the Bosporani, revolting from one to the other. The kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus in later times, especially under Pharnaces, Asander, and Polemon, extended as far as the Tanais. [E. B. J.] MAEO'TIS PALUS, the large body of water to the NE. of the Euxiiie now called the Sea of Azov, or the Azdk-deniz-i of the Turks. This sea was usually called '• Palus Maeotis " (jj tHaiSnis Kiixvy), Aesch. Prom. 427), but sometimes " Maeotica" or " Maeotia Palus " (Plin. ii. 67; Lucan, ii. 641), "Maeotius" or " Maeotis Lacus" (Plin. iv. 24, vi. 6), "Maeotium" or "Maeoticum aequor" (Avien. v. 32 ; Val. Flac. iv. 720), " Cimmeriae Paludes " (Claud, in Eutrop. i. 249 ), "' Cimmericum" or " Bos- poricum Mare " (Gell. xvii. 8), " Scythicae Undue, Paludes " (Ovid. Her. vi. 107, Trht. iii. 4. 49). The genitive in Latin followed the Greek form " Mae- otidis," but was sometimes " Maeotis " (Ennius, ap. Cic. Tusc. r. 17). The accusative has the two forms MamTiv " Maeotim " (Plin. x. 10), and MaiajxiSa " JIaeotida' (Pomp. Mela, i. 3. § 1, ii. 1. § 1). Pliny (vi. 7) has preserved the Scythian name Te- merinda, which he translates by " Mater Maris." The Slaeotic gulf, with a surfiice of rather more than 13,000 square miles, was supposed by the an- cients to be of far larger dimensions than it really is. Thus Herodotus (iv. 86) believed it to be not much less in extent than the Euxine, while Scylax (p. 30, ed. Hudson) calculated it at half the size of that sea. Strabo (ii. p. 125, comp. vii. pp. 307 — 312, xi. p. 493; Arrian. Perip. p. 20, ed. Hudson; Agathem. i. 3, ii. 14) estimated the circumference at somewhat more than 9000 stadia, but Polybius (iv. 39) reduces it to 8000 stadia. According to Pliny (iv. 24) its circuit was reckoned at 1406 M. P., or, according to some, 1125 M. P. Strabo (vii. p. 310) reckons it in length 2200 stadia between the Cim- merian Bosporus and the mouth of the Tanais, and therefore came nearest amongst the ancients in the length; but he seems to have supposed it to cairy its width on towards the Tanais (comp. ReniK-ll, Compar. Geog. vol. ii. p. 331). The length accord- ing to Pliny (l. c.) is 385 M. P., which agrees with the estimate of Ptolemy (v. 9. §§ 1 — 7). Polybius (I. c.) confidently anticipated an entire and speedy choking of the waters of the JIaeotis ; and ever since his time the theory that the Sea of Azov has con- tracted its boundaries has rnet with considerable support, though on this point there is a material discordance among the various authorities ; the latest statement, and approximation to the amount of its" cubic contents will be found in Admiral Smyth's work (The Mediterranean, p. 148). The ancients appear to have been correct in their assertion about the absence of salt in its waters, as, although in SV. winds, when the water is highest, it becomes brackish, yet at other times it is drinkable, though of a disa- greeable flavour (Jones, Trav. vol. ii. p. 143; Journ Geog. Soc. vol. i. p. 106). [E. B. J.] IMAEPHA (Maipa ix-nTponuXis), an inland city of Arabia Felix, placed by Ptolemy in long. 83° 15',