Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/259

 MAEANDER, called FoTo or Tdi'a by Ptol. iv. 3. § 46), an island off the coast of Africa Propria, 7 stadia S. of the island Pontia. MAEANDER (Malai'Spos : Meinder or Boyvh Memder), a celebrated river in Asia llinor, has its sources not far from Celaenae in Phrygia (Xenoph. Anab. i. 2. § 7), where it gushed forth in a park of Cyrus. According to some (Strab. xii. p. 578; Maxim. Tyr. viii. 38) its sources were the same as those of the river Marsyas ; but this is irreconcilable with Xenophon, according to whom the sources of the two rivers were only near each other, the Mar- syas rising in a royal palace. Others, again, as Pliny (v. 31), Solinus (40. § 7), and ]Iartianus Capella (6. p. 221), state that the Maeander flowed out of a lake on Jlount Aulocrene. Col. Leake (^Asia Minor, p. 158, &c.) reconciles all these apparently different statements by the remark that both the ilaeander and the Mar.syas have their origin in the lake on Jlount Aulocrene, above Ce- laenae, but that they issue at different parts of the mountain below the lake. The Maeender was so celebrated in antiquity for its numerous windings, that its name became, and still is, proverbial. (Horn. /;. ii. 869; Hesiod, T/ieog. 339; Herod, vii. 26, 30 Strab. xii. p. 577; Paus. viii. 41. § 3; Ov. Met. viii. 162, &c. ; Liv. xxxviii. 13; Senec. Here. Fur. 683, &c., Phoen. 605.) Its whole course has a south-western direction on the south of the range of Mount Messogis. In the south of Tripolis it receives the waters of the Lyons, whereby it becomes a river of some importance. Near Carura it passes from Phrygia into Caria, where it flows in its tor- tuous course through the Maeandrian plain (comp. Strab. xiv. p. 648, xv. p. 691), and finally dis- charges itself in the Icarian sea, between Priene and Jlyus, opposite to Miletus, from which its mouth is only 10 stadia distant. (Plin. I. c; Paus. ii. 5. § 2.) The tributaries of the Maeander are the Oroyas, MxnsYAS, Cludrus, Lethaeus, and Gaeson, in the north; and the Obri.mas, Lycus, Harpasus, and a second Marsyas, in the south. The Maeander is everywhere a very deep river (Nic. Chonat.p. 1 25 ; Liv. I. c.), but not very broad, so that in many parts its depth equals its breadth. As moreover it carried in its waters a great quantity of mud, it was navi- gable only for small craft. (Strab. xii. p. 579, xiv. p. 636.) It frequently overflowed its banks; and, in consequence of the quantity of its deposits at its mouth, the coast has been pushed about 20 or 30 stadia further into the sea, so that several small islands off the coast have become united with the mainland. (Paus. viii. 24. § 5; Thucyd. viii. 17.) There was a story about a subterraneous connection between the Maeander and the Alpheius in Elis. (Paus. ii. 5. § 2 ; comp. Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. p. 525, foil., ii. p. 161, foil.) [L. S.] MAEANDER {& MaiavSpos, Ptol. vii. 2. §§ 8, 10, 11), a chain of mountains in Eastern India, comprehended, according to Ptolemy's subdivision, in the part called by him India extra Gangem. They may be best considered as an outlying spur from the Bepyrrhus M. (now Jarroiv), extending in a southerly direction between the Ganges and the Doanas towards the sea coast. Their present name seems to be Muin-Mura. [V.] MAEANDRO'POLIS (Maiai'SpouTroAir), a town of uncertain site, though, as its name seems to indi- cate, it must have been situated somewhere on the Maeander, and more especially in the territory of JIagnesia, as we learn from Stephanus B. (s. v. ; MAENALUS. 24r comp. Plin. v. 29), from whom we may also infer that the place was sometimes calledMaeander. [L.S.] MAEATAE (Maidroi), a general name given by Dion Cassius (Ixxv. 5, Ixxvi. 12) to the British tribes nearest to the Roman vallum, the Caledonii dwelling beyond them. (Comp. Jornandes, de Reh. Get. c. 2.) JIAEDI (jMaiSot, MaTSoi, Thuc. ii. 98; Polyb. x. 41), a powerful people in the west of Thrace, dwelling near the sources of the Axius and Margus, and upon the southern slopes of Mt. Scomius. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 472.) Strabo says that the Maedi bordered eastward on the Thu- natae of Dardania (vii. p. 316), and that the Axius flowed through their territory (vii. p. 331). The latter was called Maedica (Mai5i/c»j, Ptul. iii. 11. § 9; Liv. xxvi. 25, xl. 22). They frequently m^ade incursions into Macedonia ; but in B.C. 211, Philip V. invaded their territory, and took their chief town lamphorina, which is probably represented by Vranid or Ivorina, in the upper valley of the Margus or Morava. (Liv. xxvi. 25.) We also learn from Livy (xl. 22) that the same king traversed their territory in order to reach the summit of Jit. Haemus; and that on his return into Macedonia he received the submission of Petra, a fortress of the JIaedi. Among the other places in Maedica, we read of Phragandae (Liv. xxvi. 25) and Desudaba, probably the modern Kumdnovo, on one of the confluents of the upper Axius. (Liv. sliv. 26.) The JIaedi are said to have been of the same race as the Bithynians in Asia, and were hence called Maedobithyni (Steph. B. s. v. MaiSoi ; Strab. vii. p. 295). (Comp. Strab. vii. p. 316; Plin. iv. 11. s. 18.) MAENACA {MaivaKri), a Greek city on the S. coast of Hispania Baetica, the most westerly colony of the Phocaeans. (Strab. iii. p. 156; Scymn. 145,et seq.) In Strabo's time it had been destroyed ; but the ruins were still visible. He refutes the error of those who confounded it with Malaga, which was not a Greek, but a Phoenician city, and lay further to the V. ; but this error is repeated by Avienus {Or. Marit. 426, et seq.). The place seems to be the MoKT) of Stephanus. [P. S.] MAE'NALUS. 1. {MaivaKos, Strab. viii. p. 388 ; Schoh ad AjmU. Rhod. i. 769; MaivaXov, Theocr. i. 123; rh Maivaf^iov vpos, Paus. viii. 36. § 7; Mae- naliis, Virg. Eel. viii. 22 ; Mel. ii. 3 ; Plin. iv. 6. s. 10 ; Maenala, pi., Virg. Eel. x. 55 ; Ov. Met. i. 216), a lofty mountain of Arcadia, forming the western boundary of the territories of JIantineia and Tegea. It was especially sacred to the god Pan, who is hence called Maenalius Deus (Ov. Fast. iv. 650.) The inhabitants of the mountain fiincied that they had frequently heard the god playing on his pipe. The two highest summits of the moun- tain are called at present ^ i(?('» and Apano-Khrqm: the latter is 5115 feet high. The mountain is at present covered with pines and firs ; the chief pass through it is near the modem town of Trtpolitza. — The Roman poets frequently use the adjectives Maenalius and Maenalis as equivalent to Arcadian. Hence Maenalii versus, shepherds' songs, such as were usual in Arcadia (Virg. Eel. viii. 21); Maenalis ora,.e. Arcadia (Ov. Fast. iii. 84); Maenalisnywpha, i. e. Carmenta (Ov. Fast. i. 634) ; Maenalis Ursa, and Maenalia Aretos, the constellation of the Bear, into which Callisto, daughter of Lycaon, king of Arcadia, was said to have been metamorphosed. (Ov. Trist. iii. 11. 8, Fast. ii. 192.) 2. (MoiVaAos: /..'^/(.MwcdAtor, Moi»'oA(Tr)s,Moi. « 2