Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/248

 2;32 LYSIMACHIA. Procop. de Aecl. iv. 10), and after that time it is spoken of only under the name of Hexamilium ('Ela/ifAioi/; Symeon, Logoth. p. 408). The place now occupying the place of Lysimachia, Ecsemil, derives its name from the Justinianean fortress, though the ruins of the ancient place are more nume- rous in the neighbouring village of Baular. [L. S.] COIN OF I-YSIJLVCIIIA IX THRACE. LYSIMA'CHIA (Au(n;uaxia : Eth. Avaijjiaxivs : Papadhates), a town of Aetolia, situated upon the southern shore of the lake formerly callecT Hyria or Hydra, and subsequently Lysimachia, after this tovrn. [Respecting the lake, see Aetolia, p. 64, a.] The town was probably founded by Arsinoe, and named after her first husband Lysimachus, since we know that she enlarged the neighbouring town of Conope, and called it Arsinoe after herself. [Co- NOPE.] The position of the town is determined by the statement of Strabo that it lay between Pleuron and Conope, and by that of Li'y, who places it on the line of march from Naupactus and Calydon to Stratus. Its site, therefore, corresponds to Papad- hates, where Leake discovered some Hellenic remains. It was deserted in Strabo's time. (Strab. p. 460 ; Pol. V. 7; Liv. xsxvi. 11 ; Steph. B. s. v. ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. i. pp. 122, 153.) LYSIMELEIA. [Sykacusae.] LYSINOE {twffwk-ri) or LYSINIA {hxiaivia, Ptol. V. 5. § 5), a small town in the north of Pisidia, on the south of the Ascania Laous, and west of Sagalassus. (Polyb. Exc. de Leg. 32 ; Liv. sxxviii. 15; Hierocl. p. 680, who calls it Lysenara, Kv(Tivapa.^ [L. S.] LYSIS, a small river mentioned only by Livy (xxxviii. 15), which had its sources near the town of Lagos, in tlie west of Pisidia. [L. S.l LYSTRA (AvrTTpa. 7], or to), a town of Lycao- nia or Isauria. .vhich is mentioned by Pliny (v. 42 : Eth. Lystreni) and Ptolemy (v. 4. § 12), and repeatedly in the New Testament History. (Acts, xiv. 8, 21 ; Timoth.m. 11 ; comp. Hierocl. p. 675.) A bishop of Lystra was present at the Council of Chalcedon. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 102) is inclined to place the town at Khatoim Serai, about 30 miles south of Iconium ; but Hamilton (Re- searches, vol. ii. p. 313), with more appearance of probability, identifies its site with the ruins of Ka- adagh, which are generally believed to be the re- mains of Derbe. [L. S.] LYTARNIS, a promontory in Northern Europe, mentioned by Phny (vi. 12. s. 14). His text makes the promontory of Lytarnis, at one and the same time, a portion of the Celtic country and the extre- mity of the Rhipaean range — the Rhipaean moun- tains being the Uralian — " extra eos " (i. e. the Scythians), " ultraque Aquilonis initia Hyperboreos aliqui posuere, pluribus in Europa dictos. Primum inde noscitur promontorium Celticae Lytarnis, flu- vius Carambucis, ubi lassata cum siderum vi Riphae- orum montium deficiunt juga." In the eyes of the ■ physical geographer, the extremity of the Uralian chain is either the island of A'ova Zenibla or the ■ most northern portion of tlie district on the west of MAAGR-AMMU5I. the sea of Ohi, — the 0&« being the Caramoucis. la the usual maps, however, the Dwina is the Caram- bucis, and Nanin Noss, on the east of the White Sea, the Lytarmis Prom. [R. G. L.] LYTTUS. [Lyctus.] M. MAACAH, BETH-MAACAH v. ABEL BETH- MAAC AH (Maaxa, B60/iaaX". AgeA oIkov Moaxa), a city of Palestine, placed by Eusebius and St. Je- rome on the road between Eleutheropolis and Je- msalem, 8 miles from the former, the site of which was then marked by a village named Mechanum. It is clear, however, that the Abel Beth-Miiacah of the sacred writers could not have been situated so far south. It is first mentioned in 2 Samml, xx. 14, &c., as the city in which the rebel Sheba was besieged by Joab. From this passage, however, it may be gathered (1.) that Abel was not identical vsdtli Beth-]Iaacah, for the copula is inserted between the names (" unto Abel and unto Beth-Maacah ") ; (2.) that it was situated at the extremity of the land of Israel, for Joab " went through all the tribes of Israel " to come there. Abel then, which was, as "the wise woman" called it, "a city and a mother in Israel" (ver. 19), was so called from its con- tiguity to Beth-Maacah, (so Reland, Palaestina, p. 519) ; and this must have been situated near the northern frontier, for it is mentioned with Ijon and Dan, and Cinneroth and Naphthali (1 Kings, xv. 20), as one of the cities taken by Benhadad, king of Syria, from Baasha, king of Israel; and two cen- turies later it was one of the cities of Israel fir.st occupied by Tiglath-Pileser, king of Assyria. (2 Kings, XV. 29.) Eusebius mentions three places named Abel: — (1) a village three miles from Phila- delphia; (2) a city 12 miles east of Gadara; 3. an- other between Paneas and Damascus. (Onomast. s. v.) Reland justly remarks (I. c.) that if any one of these is to be taken as Abel of Beth-Maacah it must be the last-named ; but that he is more dis- posed to look for it in Galilee, to the west or south of Paneas, rather than to the east or north, on the Damascus road. This view is perhaps confirmed by a comparison of 2 Chron. xvi. 4. with 1 Kings, xv. 20 ; the Abel Beth-Maacah of the latter being called Abel Maim, or Abel of the Waters" in the latter, probably so named either from the sea of Cinneroth or from the sea of Galilee. Dr. Robinson suggests its identity with the modern village of Ahil, or Jbel-el-KamJcJi, or Abil or Ibel-el-Hawa, both situated in the Merj Ayun, which last name is certainly identical with the ancient Ijon, with which Abel Beth-Maacah is associated in 1 Kings, XV. 20. (Robinson, Bib. Res. vol. iii. pp. 346, n. 2. 347, n. 1., and Appendix, pp. 136, 137, n. 1.) JIaacah is used as an adjunct to Syria or Aram in 1 Chron. xix. 6, 7, but its situation is not de- fined. (Reland, Palaestina, p. 1 1 8.) The existence of the jIaacathites (Maxa^O on the east of Jordan, apparently between Bashan and Mount Hermon, contiguous to the Geshurites (Deut. iii. 14; Josh. xii. 5, xiii. 11, 13) intimates that another city or district of the name Maacah was situated in that quarter. [G. W.] MAAGR-AMJIUM (Modypa/i^oi', Ptol. vii. 4. § 10, viii. 28. § 5), a considerable town in the island of Taprobane or Ceylon. Ptolemy calls it a