Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/247

 LYEBE. extracted from Pol_ybius, as well as from the Itine- raries, it would appear that Lyncestis comprehended that part of Upper Mr.eedonia now called Fllurina, and all the S. part of the basin of the Erigon, with its branches, the Bevus and Osphagus. As it is stated that the first encampment of the Romans was at Lyncus on the river Bevus, and as Lyncus is described as a town by Stephanus B. (though his description is evidently incorrect), it might be sup- posed thatHEKACLEiA, the chief town of this district, was sometimes called Lyncus, and that the camp of Sulpicius, was at Heracleia itself. But though the words " ad Lyncum stativa posuit prope tlumen Bevum" (Liv. I. e.) seem to point to this identifi- cation, yet it is more likely that Lyncus is here used as synonymous with Lyncestis, as in two other pas- sages of Livy (xxvi. 25, xxxii. 9), and in Thu- cydides (iv. 83, 124) and Plutarch. {Flamin. 4.) At or near Bdnitza are the mineral acidulous waters of Lyncestis, which were supposed by the ancients to possess intoxicating qualities. (Ov. Met. XV. 329; comp. Arist. Meteor, ii. 3; Theo- pomp. ap. Plin. ii. 103, xxxi. 2, ap. Antig. Caryst. 180, ap. Sotion. de Flum. p. 125; Vitruv. viii. 3 ; Sen. Quaest. Nat. iii. 20.) They were found by Dr. Brown (Travels in Hungaria, Macedonia, Thes- saly, (fc cfc, Lend. 1673, p. 45) on the road from Fllurina to Egri Budjd. He calls the place Ec- cisso Verbeni; this, which sounds Wallachian, may possibly be a corruption of the name of the Derveni or puss. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. pp. 305—318.) [E. B. J.] LYKBE (J.vp€7) : Eth. Avp§eiTr)s), a town of Pisidia, mentioned by the poet Dionysius. There are coins of this place belonging to the reign of Alexander Severus, and it occurs among the epi- scopal towns of Pamphylia in the Not. Eccles. It is clearly the same as the Lyrope {Avpdnri) of Ptolemy, though he places the latter in Cilicia Tracheia. (Dionys. Per. 858 ; Hierocl. p. 682 ; Ptol. V. 5. § 9; Cramer, Asia Minor, voLii. p. 313.) LYRCEIA or LYRCEIUM (^ AvpKeia, Paus.; AvpKfloy, Soph. a^y. Strab. vi. p. 271 ; in Strab. viii. p. 376, AvKovpytov is a false reading for Avpialov, see Kramer's Strab. vol. ii. p. 186), a townintheArgeia, distant 60 stadia from Argos, and 60 stadia from Or- neae, and situated on the road Climax, which ran from Argos in a north-westerly dh-ection along the bed of the Inachus. [Akgos, p. 201.] The town is said to have been originally called Lynceia, and to have obtained this name from Lynceus, who fled hither when all his other brothers, the sons of Aegyptus, were mur- dered by the daughters of Danaus on their wedding night. He gave intelligence of his safe arrival in this place to his faithful wife Hypermnestra, by holding up a torch ; and she in like maimer informed him of her safety by raising a torch from Larissa, the citadel of Ai-gos. The name of the town was afterwards changed into Lyrceia from Lyrcus, a son of Abas. It was in ruins in the time of Pausanias. Its remains may still he seen on a small elevation on the left of the Inachus, at a little distance beyond Sterna, on the road to Argos. (Paus. ii. 25. §§ 4, 5; Apollod. ii. 1. § 5 ; Strab. I. c. ; Ross, Reisen im Pehponnes, p. 138 ; Boblaye, Recherches, <fc. p. 45 ; Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 414; Curtius, Pelo- ponnesos, vol. ii. p. 415.) LYRNAS. [Lyknessus, 2.] LYRNESSUS (Aupyrjo-cros: Eth. Avpvri (rata s or Avpva7os, Aeschyl. Pers. 324). 1. A town often mentioned by Homer {II. ii. 690, xLs. 60, xx. 92, LYSIMACHIA. 231 191), and described by Stephanus B. (s. v.) as one of the eleven towns in Troas ; and Strabo (xiii. p. 612) mentions that it was situated in the territory of Thebe, but that afterwards it belonged to Adramyttium. Pliny (v. 32) places it on the river Evenus, near its sources. It was, like Thebe, a deserted place as early as the time of Strabo. (Comp. Strab. xiii. p. 584 ; Died. v. 49.) About 4 miles from Karavdren, Sir C. Fellows (Jown. of an Exc. in Asia Minor, p. 39) found several columns and old walls of good masonry ; which he is inclined to regard as remnants of the ancient Lyr- nessus. 2. A place on the coast of Pamphylia, which was reported to have been founded there by the Trojan Cihcians, who transferred the name of the Trojan Lyrnessus to this new settlement. (Strab. siv. 676.) The town is also mentioned by Pliny (v. 26), who places "it on the Catarrhactes, and by Dionysius Periegetes (875). The Stadiasnms Maris Magni (§ 204) calls it Lyrnas, and, according to the French translators of Strabo (vol. iii. pt. 2. p. 363), its site is identical with the modem Ernatia. 3. An ancient name of the island of Tenedos. (Plin. V. 39.) [L. S.] LY'ROPE. [Lyebe.] LY'SIAS (Ai/crtas: Eth. AinriaSTjs), a small to^^^^ in Phrygia, between Synnada and Prymnessus. (Strab. sii. p. 576 ; Phn. v. 29 ; Ptol. v. 2. § 23 ; Hierocl. p. 677.) No particulars are known about the place, nor is its site ascertained, but we still possess coins of Lysias. (Eckhel, Doctr. Num. iii. p. 167.) [L. S.] LYSIMACHIA (Auo-ijuaxta or Auo-J^axeia). 1. A small town in Mysia, mentioned only by Phny (v. 22), in whose time it no longer existed. 2. An important town on the north-western ex- tremity of the Thracian Chersonesus, not far from the Sinus Melas. It was built by Lysimachus in B. c. 309, when he was preparing for the last struggle with his rivals; for the new city, being situated on the isthmus, commanded the road from Sestos to the north and the mainland of Thrace. In order to obtain inhabitants for his new city, Lysimachus destroyed the neighbouring town of Cardia, the birthplace of the historian Hieronymus. (Strab. ii. p. 134, vii. p. 331 ; Paus. i. 9. § 10; Died XX. 29; Polyb. v. 34; Plin. H. N. iv. 18.) Lysi- machus no doubt made Lysimachia the capital of his kingdom, and it must have rapidly risen to great splendour and prosperity. After his death the city fell under the dominion of Syria, and during the wars between Seleucus Callinicus and Ptolemy Euer- getes it passed from the hands of the Syrians into those of the Egyptians. Whether these latter set the town free, or whether it emancipated itself, is uncertain, at any rate it entered into the relation of sympohty with the Aetolians. But as the Aetolians were not able to afford it the necessary protection, it was destroyed by the Thracians during the war of the Romans against Philip of Macedonia. Antiochus the Great restored the place, collected the scattered and enslaved inhabitants, and attracted colonists from all parts by liberal promises. (Liv. xxxiii. 38, 40 ; Diod. Exc. de Vii-t. et Vit. p. 574.) This resto- ration, however, appears to have been unsuccessful, and under the dominion of Rome it decayed more and more. The last time the place is mentioned under its ancient name, is in a passage of Ammianus Marcellinus (xxii. 8). The emperor Justinian re- stored it and surrounded it with strong fortifications Q4