Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/229

 LUCUS ASTURUM. goddess is written in some MSS. " Angitia," in others " Anguitia ;" but the authority of numerous inscriptions is decisive in favour of the first form. (Orell. laser. 115, 116, 1845.) [E. H. B.] LUCUS A'STURUM. [Astures.] LUCUS AUGUSTI, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, and east of the Rhone, which Tacitus (Hist. i. 66) calls "municipium Vocontiorum ; " and Pliny (iii. 4) n.ames Vasio (Vaison^ and Lucus Augusti the two chief towns of the Vocontii. Lucus is placed in the Itins. on a road from Vapincum (Gap) to Lugdu- niim (Lyon) : it is the first stage after Jlons Seleucus, and lies between Mons Seleucus and Dea Vocontiorum (Die). The name is preserved in Luc. " This town has been destroyed by the fall of a rock, which, having stopped the course of the Drome, has caused the river to spread out and form lakes which have covered part of its territory: there remains, however, in the neighbourhood and at the outlet of these lakes a place which preserves the name of Luc." (D'Anville, Notice, cj-c.) It is stated in the Guide du Voyageur (Richard et Hocquart), that " on the mountain called the Pied de Luc, in the commune of Luc-en-Diois, there are considerable remains of old buildings. The column of the public fountain of this little place is a fragment of an old capital, and the basin is a sarcophagus of a single stone." There is an inscription on it in Roman cha- racters. [G. L.] LUCUS AUGUSTI (Xovko^ Avyovcrrov, Ptol. ii. 6. § 24: I-iugo), a city in the centre of Gallaecia, in Hispania Tarraconensis, was originally the chief town of the insignificant tribe of the Catoki, but under the Romans it was nia-de the seat of a coHventns ju- ridicus, and became one of the two capitals of Gal- laecia, and gave its name to the Callaici Lucenses. [Gallaecia.] The Conventus Lucensis, according to Pliny, began at the river Navilubio, and contained 16 peoples, besides the Celtici and Lebuni; and though these tribes were insignificant, and their names barbarous, there were among them 166,000 freemen (Plin. iii. 3. s. 4, iv. 20. s. 34). The city stood on one of the upper branches of the Jlinius (Mino), on the road from Bkacara to AsTuitiCA (Itin. Ant. pp. 424, 430), and had some famous baths, of which there are now no remains. (Florez, Esp. S. Yol. xl., xli. ; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1, p. 437). [P. S] LUCUS FERO'NIAE. [Feronlv.] LUCUS HE'CATES (aXaos ■Ekcitijx aKpov (Ptol. iii. 5. § 7), the westernmost point of the peninsula of Hylaea, now the alluvial tongue of land Kin- burun. [E. B. J.] LUCUS MARI'CAE. [Lieis.] LU'DIAS, LY'DIAS (AuSitjs, Herod, vii. 127 ; AvSi'aj, Eur. Bacch. 565 ; Scyl. p. 26 ; Ptol. iii. 13. § 15 ; AouSiay, Strab. vii. p. 330), a river of Bottiaeis in Macedonia, or discharge of the marshes of Pella. In the time of Herodotus (I. c.) it joined the Haliacmon, but a change has taken place in its course, as it is now an afl^uent of the Axius (Var- dhdri). The river which now emerges from the lower end of the lake of Pella is called Karusmdh or Mavrontri. The river of Mor/lend, now called Karadjd, by the Turks, Meglesnitj, by the Bul- garians, and by the Greeks 3Ioglenitiko, which falls into the lake of Pella, and which in its course before entering the lake follows the same direction as the Mavroneri, was probably called by the ancients the Lydias. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. pp. 270, 437.) [E. B. J.] LUGDUNUM. 213 LUElSITI'lSrUM (hovivTivov), in Britain, men- tioned by Ptolemy (ii. 3) as a town of the Dimetae, Maridunum (Caer-marthen) being the other. The Monumenta Britannica suggests Llan-devy- brevy. [R. G. L.] LUGDU'NUM(Aou75ovj/oc: Eth. AovySovvriaios, Lugdunensis : Lyon), a Roman settlement in Gallia, at the junction of th« Arar (Same) and Rhodanus. It ^vas in the territory of the Segusiani, who were the neighboirrs of the Aedui (Caes. B. G. i. 10, vii. 64): in Pliny's time the Segusiani had the title of Liberi. (Plin. H. N. iv. 18.) Ptolemy incorrectly places Lugdunum among the cities of the Aedui ; he calls it Lugdunum Metropolis. The writing of the name does not seem to have been quite fixed. Dion Cassius (xlvi. 50, ed. Reim.) observes that the place was originally named Lugu- dunum (AovyovZovvov), and then Lugdunum. In Stephanus (s. v.) the name is Lngdunus, and he refers to Ptolemy; but in Ptolemy (ii. 8. § 17) it is Lugdunum. It is also written " Lugdunus" in Ainmianus Marcellinus. In the Treatise on Rivers printed among Plutarch's works ("Apap, c. 4), the hill of Lyon is named Lugdunus; and it is added, on the authority of Clitophon, that Lugm means " a crow" and dunum " an eminence." Though the explanation of dun is right, we cannot accept the explanation of the other part of the word. The colonia of Lugdunum is said to have been settled B. c. 43, by L. Munatius Plancus, and the settlers were the people of Vienna (Vienne) who were driven from their homes by the Allobroges. (Dion Cass. xlvi. 50; Strab. pp. 192, 193.) The position, according to Dion, was the place between the Saone and the Rhone. Strabo says that it was " under" a hill, the position of which he determines by referring it to the junction of the two rivers ; but this does not show exactly where the town was, and probably Strabo did not know. In the passage in Strabo, the word "under" (utto) has been corrected to " upon" (eTTi), which may be a true correction. The old town of Lugdunum was on the right side of the Rhone, on the slope of a hill named Fou/i'viere, which is supposed to be a corruption of Forum Vetus. The largest part of modern Lyon is be- tween the Saone and the Rhone, but this is a modern addition, not earlier than the time of Louis XII. and Francis I. In Strabo's time Lugdunum was the most popu- lous of the Gallic towns after Narbonne: it was a place of trade, and the Roman governors had a mint there for coining gold and silver. Its great com- mercial prosperity was due to its excellent position, and to the roads which the Romans constructed in several directions from Lugdunum as a centre. [Gallia Transalpina, Vol. I. p. 966.] In the time of the younger Pliny there were booksellers at Lugdunum, and Pliny's works might be got there (Plin. Ep. ix. 11). The city was destroyed by fire in Seneca'.s time (Ep. 91), but shortly after it was restored through the liberality of the em- peror Nero, to whom the inhabitant? of Lug- dunum continued faithful when Galba revolted (Tacit. Ann. xvi. 13, Llist. i. 51). Lugdunum was plundered and again burnt by the soldiers of Septimius Severus (a. ij. 197), after the defeat of Albinus near the city (Herodian, iii. 23). It was an important position under the later Empire, but the name only occurs occasionally in the scanty historical notices of that time. When Julian was governor of Gallia, Lugdunum was near being surprised by a