Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/212

 196 LIPARIS. Strabo and some other ancient writers speak of volcanic phenomena as occurring on the island of Lipara itself (Strab. vi. p. 275) ; but though it abounds in hot springs, and outbreaks of volcanic vapour, it does not appear probable that any volcanic eruptions on a larger scale have occurred there vritiiin the period of history. Those of the neigh- bouring island of Hiera (the Vulcani Insula of the Romans, now Vukano'), from its proximity to Lipara, of which it was a mere dependency, are sometimes described as if they had occurred at Lipara itself. (Oros. v. 10; Jul. Obs. 89.) The volcanic phenomena of the Aeolian islands in general are more fully noticed under the article Aeoliae Insulae. [E. H. B.] COIN OF LIPARA. LrPARIS (AiTTopis), a small river in the east of Cilicia, which emptied itself into the sea at Soli, and was believed to derive its name from the oily nature of its waters. (Plin. v. 22 ; Antig. Caryst. 150; Vitruv. viii. 3.) [L. S.j LIPAXUS (Ai7ra|os), a town of Crusis, or Cros- saea, in Macedonia, menti(jned only by Hecataeus (Steph. B. s. V.) and Herodotus (viL 123). LIPPOS, AD. [Vettones.] LIPSYDRIUM [Attica, p. 326, b.] LIQUE'NTIA (^Livenza), a considerable river of Venetia, which rises in the Julian Alps to the N. of Opitergium (^Oderzo), and flows into the Adriatic rear Caorle, about midway between the Piave (Plavis) and the Tagliamento (Tilaventum). (Plin. iii. 18. s. 22.) It had a port of the same name at its mouth. Servius {ad Acn. vs.. 679) correctly places it between Altinum and Concordia. The name is not found in the Itineraries, but Paulus Diacnnus mentions the " pons Liquentiae fluminis " on the road from Forum .lulii towards Patavium. (P. Diac. Hist. Lang. v. 39 ; Anon. Ravenn. iv. 36.) [E. H.B.] LI'RIA. [Edeta.] LIRI.MIRIS {Aifiinipis), a town in the north of Germany, between JIarionis and Leuphana, about 10 miles to the north of Hamburgh. Its exact site, however, is unknown. (Ptol. ii. 11. § 27.) [L. S.] LIRIS (AeTpis : Garigliano), one of the prin- cipal rivers of central Italy, flowing into the Tyr- rhenian Sea a little below Minturnae. It had its source in the central Apeiniines, only a few miles from the Lacus Fucinus. of which it has been some- times, but erroneously, regarded as a subterranean outlet. It flows at first in a SE. direction through a long troughlike valley, parallel to the general direction of the Apennines, until it reaches the city of Sora, where it turns abruptly to the SV., and pursues that course until after its junction with the Trerus or Sacco, close to the site of Fregellae ; from thence it again makes a great bend to the SE., but ultimately resumes its SW. direction before it enters the sea near Minturnae. Both Strabo and Pliny tell us that it was originally called Clanis, a LISSUS. name which appears to have been common to many Italian rivers [Clanis] : the former writer erro- neously assigns its sources to the country of the Vestini; an opinion which is adopted also by Lucan. (Strab. V. p. 233 ; Lucan. ii. 425.) The Liris is noticed by several of the Roman poets, as a very gentle and tranquil stream (Hor. Carm. i. 31. 8 ; Sil. Ital. iv. 348), — a character which it well deserves in the lower part of its course, where it is described by a modern traveller as " a wide and noble river, winding under the shadow of poplars through a lovely vale, and then gliding gently towards the sea." (Eustace's Classical Tour, vol. ii. p. 320.) But nearer its source it is a clear and rapid mountain river, and at the village of Isola, about four miles below Sora, and just after its junc- tion with the Fibrenus, it forms a cascade of above 90 feet in height, one of the most remarkable water- falls in Italy. (Craven's Abruzzi, vol. i. p. 93.) The Liris, which is still called Liri in the upper part of its course, though better known by the name of Garigliano, which it assumes when it becomes a more considerable stream, has a course altogether of above 60 geographical miles : its most considerable tributary is the Trerus or Sacco, which joins it about three miles below Ceprano. A few miles higher up it receives the waters of the Fibrenus, so celebrated from Cicero's description (de Leg. ii. 3); which is, however, but a small stream, though re- markable for the clearness and beauty of its waters. [Fibrenus.] The Melfis {Melfa), which joins it a few miles below the Sacco, but from the opposite bank, is equally inconsiderable. At the mouth of the Liris near Minturnae, was an extensive sacred grove consecrated to Marica, a nymph or local divinity, who was represented by a tradition, adopted by Virgil, as mother of Latinus, while others identified her with Circe. (Virg. Aen. vii. 47 ; Lactant. Inst. Div. i. 21.) Her grove and temple (Lucus Maricae : Ma/j/xas &(ros, Plut. JIar. 39) were not only objects of great vene- ration to the people of the neighbouring town of Minturnae, but appear to have enjoyed considerable celebrity with the Romans themselves. (Strab. v. p. 233 ; Liv. xxvii. 37 ; Serv. ad Aen. vii. 47.) Immediately adjoining its mouth was an extensive marsh, formed probably by the stagnation of the river itself, and celebrated in history in connection with the adventures of Marius. [E. H. B.] LISAE (AiVai), a town of Crusis or Crossaea, in Macedonia, mentioned only by Herodotus (vii. 123). [Crusis.] LISINAE, a town of Histiaeotis, in Thessaly, on the borders of Athamania. (Liv. xxxii. 14.) LISSA. [Jaccetani.] LISSA (At'crcro, Procop. E.G. i. 7; Itin. Anton.), an island oif the coast of Illyricum, placed by Pliny (iii. 30) over against ladera. Uglian, noted for its marbles, and an island which obtained a momentary importance during the wars of the Venetians, re- presents Lissa. (Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Monte- negro, vol. L p. 78.) [E. B. J.] LISSUS. [Leontini.] LISSUS (Aicra-os, Ptol. iii. 17. § 3), a town on the S. coast of Crete, which the anonymous Coast- describer places between Suia and Calamyde. {Sta- diasm.) The Peutinger Table gives 1 6 M. P. as the distance between Cantanum and Liso. This Cretan city was an episcopal see in the time of Hierocles. (Comp. Cornel. Creta Sacra, vol. i. p. 235.) The order in which he mentions it with the other bishoprics