Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/210

 194 LINGONES. (i. 31), on account of the vituperative and injurious language with which tlie worsliip was conducted. This temple contained a painting of Heracles by Parrhasius; and Lindus appears to have possessed several other paintings by the same artist. (Athen. sii. p. 54.3, XV. p. 687.) Lindus also was the native place of Cleobulus, one of the Seven Sages of Greece; and Athenaeus (viii, p. 360) has preserved a pretty poem ascribed to Cleobulus, and which the Lindian boys used to sing as they went round collecting money for the return of the swallows in spring. The site of Lindus, as described by Strabo, " on the side of a hill, looking towards the south and Alexandria," cannot be mistaken ; and the modern neat little town of Lindos is exactly the spot oc- cupied by the ancient Dorian city. The place and its many ancient remains have often been visited and described, and most recently by Eoss in his Reisen aufden Gi-iech. Iiiseln, vols. iii. and iv., from which it appears that ancient remains are more and more destroyed. There are many tombs cut in the rocks, some of which have had beautiful architectural ornaments; the remains of a theatre at the foot of the hill ; and on the acropolis are seen the ruins of two Greek temples, which, to judge from inscrip- tions, belonged to the Lindian Athena and Zeus Po- llens. The number of inscriptions found at Lindus is very considerable. (Comp. Eoss, I. c. vol. iii. pp. 72, &c., vol. iv. pp. 68, &o. ; Hamilton, Researches, vol. ii. pp. 55, &c. ; Rhein. Museum, for 1845, pp. 161, &c.) [L. S.] Ll'NGONES (Aiyyovey). The form Aoyywves in Ptolemy (ii. 19. § 9) may probably be a copyist's error. In Polybius (ii. 17, ed. Bekker), Aiyycoves is a correction of A'lyaives, which appears to be the IISS. reading, and was doubtless intended to be Ai- ywyfs. In the old text of Strabo (p. 186) it is said that the Arar {Same) separates the Sequani from the Aedui and Lincasii (AiyKaorloi) ; but it is agreed that we ought to read Lingones, for Strabo names the people Lingones in two other passages (pp. 193, 208). The Lingones occupied the country about the sources of the Mariie and Seine, and extended east- ward to the Vosegus ( Vosjes) (B. G. iv. 10). Caesar does not state expressly whether they belonged to Celtica or to Belgica, but we may infer from what he says that he considered them as included in Celtica [Gallia Transalpina, Vol. I. p. 962]. Strabo (p. 193) says : " Above or beyond the Helvetii and Sequani, the Aedui and Lingones dwell to the west ; and beyond the lyiediomatrici dwell the Leuci and part of the Lingones." But the Leuci, whose capital Vfas Tullum (Toul), are between the Iilediomatrici and the Lingones, and there is some error in this passage of Strabo. The chief town of the Lingones was Andomatunum, afterwards named Lingones, and in the old French, Lantjone or Langoinne, and now Lanr/res, near the source of the Mariie. Dibio (Z*;- joii) was also in the temtory of the Lingones, which corresponded to the diocese of Langres, before the diocese of Dijon was taken from it. Ptolemy (ii, 8) and Pliny (iv. 17) place the Lin- gones in Belgica, which was true of the time when they wrote. The Lingones were one of the Celtic nations, which, according to Eoman tradition, sent a de- tachment to settle in North Italy. [See the next article.] Lucan (i. 397) represents the Lingones as warlike, or fond of fighting, for which there is no evidence in Caesar at least : — LIPARA. " Castraque quae Vosegi curvam super ardua rupem Pugnaces pictis cohibebant Lingones annis." After Caesar had defeated the Helvetii in the great battle near Bibracte, the survivors fled into the country of the Lingones ; " to whom Caesar sent letters and a message to inform them that they must not supply the Helvetii with corn, or help them in any way; and that if they did, he would treat them like the Helvetii." (B. G. i. 26.) It is plain from Caesar's narrative that this insolent order was obeyed. When Caesar was at Vesontio {Besanqon) on bis march against Ariovistus, the Sequani, Leuci, and Lingones supplied him with corn (5. G. i. 40). During the winter which followed the campaign of B. c. 53, Caesar placed two legions in the comitry of the Lingones, not to keep them in obedience, for they never rose in arms against him, but because it was a good position (5. G. vi. 44). It is stated in Tacitus {Hist. i. 78) that Otho gave the " civitasRomana" to all the Lingones : but this passage is not free from difficulty. Galba had lost the fidelity of the Treviri, Lingones, and some other Gallic states, by harsh measures or by depriving them of part of their lands ; and the Lingones and others supported the party of Vitellius in GalUa by offering soldiers, horses, arms and money (Tacit, i. 53, 59). It seems that Otho made the Lingones a present of the " civitas" in order to effect a diversion in his favour; but it remains to be explained, if Tacitus's text is right, why he omitted the Treviri and others. Pliny calls tlie Lingones " Foederati." This nation, which during the whole Gallic war was tranquil, even in the year of Vercingetorix's great struggle {B. G. vii. 63), became veiy restless under the Empire, as we see from Tacitus {Hist. iv. 67). [Gallia Transalpina, Vol. I. p. 969.] [G. L.] LINGONES {Aiyyaves, Pol), a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, without doubt a colony or offset of the more powerful Transalpine tribe of the same name, who, according to Livy, migrated into Italy together with the Boii, and settled with them in the plains be- tween the Apennines and the Padus. We leani from Polybius, that they dwelt between the Boii and the Senones, apparently occupying the country about Bononia and as far eastward as the river Utis {Moti- tone), which was the northern limit of the Senones. (Liv. V. 35; Pol. ii. 17.) They seem to have been in later times so closely associated with the Boii as to be commonly considered as one nation ; hence we do not meet with any separate mention of their name in history, nor are they noticed by the geo- graphers. [E. H. B.] LINTOMAGUS. [Luttojiagus.] LINUS (Aii'os), a place on the coast of Mysia, on the Propontis, between Priapus and Parium ; it is noticed only by Strabo (xiii. p. 588), as the spot where the best snails (/coxAiai^ were found. [L. S.] LrPARA(^ AiTrapa: Hth. AiTraporoy, Liparensis : Lipai'i), the largest and most important of the group of the Aeolian islands, between the coast of Sicily and Italy. It had a town of the same name, and was the only one of the whole group which was inhabited, or at least that had any considerable population. Hence the other islands were always dependent on it, and were sometimes called in ancient times, as they habitually are at the present day, the Liparaean islands {al Aiirapalwv vrjcrot, Strab. vi. p. 275). Strabo correctly tells us that it was the largest of the seven, and the nearest to the coast of Sicily except Thermessa or Hiera {Vul-