Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/209

 LIJIYRA. would contain 20,000 spectators, from which estimate we must conclude that the dimensions and outline of the building can be accurately determined. M. Du- four says : " On the level of the present soil, there are some vestiges of the corridors or covered por- ticoes, which led, by means of the vomitoria, into the ditferent galleries : the part which is least damaged at present is in the stables of the Hotel d'Evreux. A principal arch, which led into the arena, is still nearly entire, though the interior facings have been almost completely removed." [G. L.] LI'MYEA (Aijuupa or Aifivpa), a town in the southern part of Lycia, on the river Limyrus, twenty stadia above its mouth. (Strab. xiv. p. 666 ; comp. Scyl. p. 39 ; Ptol. V. 3. § 6 ; Steph. B. s. v.) Vel- leius Paterculus (ii. 102) states that Caius Caesar, the adopted son of Augustus, died at Limyra. It is often mentioned by Roman writers, as Ovid (J/e<. ix. 646), Mela (i. 15), and continued to exist down to a late period. (Basil. M. £/iw<. 218 ; Hierocl. p. 683.) Ruins of Liniyra were first discovered by Captain Beaufort above Cape Fineha ; but it was reserved for Sir Charles Fellows to explore and de- scribe them more minutely. In his first work (JowTial of an Excursion in Asia Minor, p. 214) he only says : " two miles across the little valley, at the foot of the mountains, and up their sides, lay the ruins of the ancient Limyra, its theatre, temples, and walls." But in his later work (^Account of Discoveries in Lycia, p. 205, foil.), he fully enters into a description of the remains of the place, illus- trated by fine engravings and copies of some of the many inscriptions, both Greek and Lycian, in which tlie place abounds. In describing the approach to the town, he says, that first he found a fine stately Sarcophagus, with a bilingual inscription. " Hundreds of tombs cut in the rocks, and quite excavating the long ribs of its protruding strata, as they curved down the sides of the mountain, soon came in view. . . .The inscriptions were ahnost all Lycian, — some few Greek, but these were always inferior in execution, some being merely scratched upon the surface; while the Lycian were cut deeply in the stcne, and many richly coloured, — the letters being alternately red and bkie, or in others green, yellow, or red." Some of these tombs contain beautiful bas-reliefs, repre- senting stories from Greek mythology. Beyond those tombs lies the city, "marked by many foun- dations, and by a long wall with towers. Further on is a very pretty theatre, . . . the size of which bespeaks a small population." The whole neigh- bourhood, however, is filled with tombs cut in the rocks. (Comp. Leake, Asia Minor, p. 186.) [L. S.] LIMY'RICA. [India, p. 47, a.] LI'MYRUS (6 Ai'/iupos), a river on the south coast of Lycia, which, after receiving the waters of its tributary Arycandus {Fineka), becomes navigable at the point where Limyra is situated. It falls into the sea, at a distance of 90 stadia west of the holy promontory, and 60 stadia from Melanippe. (Scyl. p. 39; Strab. xiv. p. 666; Ptol. v. 3. § 3.) Pliny (v. 28) and Mela (i. 15) call the river Li- myra, and the Stadiasmus Maris Magni (§ 211) Almyrus, which is no doubt a mistake. Leake {Asia Minor, p. 187) states that both the Limyrus and the Arycandus reach the sea at no great distance from each other; while in the map of Lycia by Spratt, the Limyrus is the smaller river, and a tributary to the Arycandus. Both these statements are opposed to the testimony of Pliny, whose words are: "Limyra cum amne in quern Arycandus influit." [L. S.] VOL. II. LINDUS. 193 LINDUM {Mp5ov). 1. A town in Britain; the modern Lincoln. Ptolemy (ii. 3. § 20) assigns Lindum and Rage, or Ratae, to the district of the Curitani. In the list of the anonymous Geographer of Ravenna it appears as Lindum Colunia ; in the Itinerary of Antoninus, simply as Lindum. Among the prelates who attended the Synod of Aries, a. d. 314, was " Adelfius de civitate colouia Londinen- sium," which we must read Lindinensium, for at the same council London was represented by Restitutus; and that Lincoln was a colony may be accepted from the authority cited above, and also from the form in which the word occurs in Beda {Hist. Eccles. ii. 1 6, " Civitas Lindocolina.") Lindum occurs in Antoninus in the iter from Londinium to the great Wall; in that from Eburacum to Londiuium ; and in another from Londiuium, in which it is the terminus. The Roman remains extant at Lincoln are among the most important and interesting in tjiis country. It is perhaps the only town in England which pre- serves one of the original Roman gateways in use at the present day. This is the Newport Gate, which is wholly of Roman masonry, as is also the narrow side entrance for foot passengers. Originally there were two of the latter, but one is walled up in a modern building. Another of the Roman gateways was discovered, a few years since, near the castle. There is also a long extent of the Roman sewer remaining at Lincoln, and a considerable number of inscriptions, chiefly sepulchral. The Mint Wall, as it is called, is a side wall of a Roman edifice, ap- parently of a public description. From the course of the remains of the external walls, the Romans seem to have found it necessary to extend the cir- cumvallation of Lindum. 2. A town of the Damnii, in the northern part of Britain, placed by Ptolemy (ii. 3. § 9) a little to the north of the Clyde. Horsley suggests Kirkintilloch, on the Wall of Antoninus Pius, as the site of this Lindum. [C. R. S.] LINDUS (AiVSos : Eth. AiVSioJ: Lindos), one of the most important and most ancient towns in the island of Rhodes, was situated on the eastern coast, a little to the north of a promontory bearing the same name. The district was in ancient times very productive in wine and figs, though otherwise it was, and is still, veiy barren. (Philostr. Icon. ii. 24.) In the Homeric Catalogue (7^. ii. 656) Lindus, together with the two other Rhodian cities, lalysus and Camiras, are said to have taken part in the war against Troy. Their inhabitants were Do- rians, and formed the three Dorian tribes of the island, Lindus itself being of one the Dorian hexapolis in the south-west of Asia Minor. Previous to tlie year B. c. 408, when Rhodes was built, Lindus, like the other cities, formed a Httle state by itself, but when Rhodes was founded, a great part of the population and the common government was transferred to the new city. (Diod. xii. 75.) Lindus, however, though it lost its political importance, still remained an inte- resting place in a religious point of view, fur it con- tained two ancient and much revered sanctuaries, — one of Athena, hence called the Lindian, and the other of Heracles. The former was believed to have been bnilt by Danaus (Diod. v. 58 ; Callim. Fragm. p. 477, ed. Eniesti), or, according to others by his daughters on their flight from Egypt. (Herod, ii. 182; Strab. xiv. p. 655; comp. Plin. //. iV. xxxiii. 23; Act. Apost. :^v. 17.) The temple of Heracles was remarkable, according to Lactantiua o