Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/187

 LEUCDINA. Taygetus, and that the extent of tlie range is 300 stadia. (Comp. Theophrast. H. P. iii. 11, iv. 1 ; Plin. xvi. 33 ; Callim. Hymn. Dian. 40.) The bold and beautiful outline of the " White Mountains " is still called by its ancient title in modern Greek, to. &(nrpa l3ovvd, or, from the inhabitants, ra 'XipaKia.va ^ouvd. Crete is the only part of Greece in which the word oprj is still in common use, denoting the loftier parts of any high mountains. Trees grow on all these rocky mountains, except on quite the extreme summits. The commonest tree is the jiriiios or ilex. (Pashley, Trav. vol. i. p. 31, vol. ii. p. 190 ; Hock, Krefa, vol. i. p. 19.) [E. B. J.] LEUCIMNA. [CoRCi-KA, pp. 669, 670.] LEUCOLLA (^AevKoWa), a promontory on the south-east of Pamphylia, near the Cilician fron- tier. (Plin. V. 26 ; Liv. xxvii. 23 ; Pomp. Mela, i. 15.) In the Stadiasmus Maris Magni (§§ 190, 191) it is called Leucotheium {AevKuyetou). Mela erroneously places it at the extremity of the gulf of Pamphylia, for it is situated in the middle of it ; its modern name is Karahurnu. (Leake, Asia Minor, p. 196.) [L. S.] LEUCOLLA (AeivTOAAa, Strab. xiv. p. 682), a harbour of Cyprus, N. of Cape Pedalium. It is referred to in Athenaeus (v. p. 209, where instead of Kwaj, KvTTpos should be read), and is identified with Porta Armidio e Lucola, S. of Famatjusta. (Engel, Kypros, vol. i. p. 97.) [E. B. J.] LEUCO'NIUJI (AevKccviop). 1. Aplace mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary (p. 260) in the south of Pannonia, on the road from Aemona to Sirmium, 82 Roman miles to the north-west of the latter town. Its site is pointed out in the neighbourhood of the village of liasboistje. 2. A town of Ionia, of uncertain site, where a battle was fought by the Athenians in B. C. 413. (Thucyd. viii. 24.) From this passage it seems clear that the place cannot be looked for on the mainland of Asia Blinor, but that it must have been situated near Phanae, in the island of Chios, where a place of the name of Levconia is said to exist to this day. Polyaenus (viii. 66) mentions a place, Leuconia, about the possession of which the Chians were involved in a war with Erythrae ; and this Leuconia, which, according to Plutarch (lie Virt. Mill. vii. p. 7, ed. Eeiske), was a colony of Chios, was probably situated on the coast of Asia jIinor, and may possibly be identical with Leucae on the Hermaean gulf. [Comp. Leucae.] [L.S.] LEUCOPETRA (Aey/fOTreVpo), a promontory of Bruttium, remarkable as the extreme SW. point of Italy, looking towards the Sicihan sea and the E. coast of Sicily. It was in consequence generally regarded as the termination of the chain of the Apennines. Pliny tells us it was 12 miles from Ehe- giuni, and this circumstance clearly identifies it with the modern Capo delV Armi, where the moun- tain mass of the southern Apennines in f;xct descends to the sea. The whiteness of the rocks composing this headland, which gave origin to the ancient name, is noticed also by modern travellers. (Strab. vi. p. 2.59; Plin. iii. 5. s. 10; Ptol. iii. 1. § 9; Swinburne, Travels, vol. i. p. 355.) It is evidently the same promontory which is called by Tliucydides IleTpa Tr,s Priyiris, and was the last point in Italy wiiere Demosthenes and Eurymedon touched with tlie Athenian armament before they crossed over to Sicily. (Thuc. vii. 35.) It was here also that Cicero touched on his voyage from Sicily, when, after the death of Caesar, b. c. 44. he was preparing to re- LEUCOSYRL 171 pair into Greece, and where he was visited by some friends from Ehegium, who brought news from Rome that induced him to alter his plans. (Cic. Phil i. 3, ad Att. xvi. 7.) In the former passage he terms it "promontorium agri Ehegini:" the " Leucopetra Tarentinorum " mentioned by him {ad Att. xvi. 6), if it be not a false reading, must refer to quite a different place, probably the head- land of Leuca, more commonly called the lapygian promontory. [Leuca.] [E. H. B.] LEUCOPHRYS {AivKdcppvs), a town in Caria, apparently in the plain of the Maeander, on the borders of a lake, whose water was hot and in con- stant commotion. (Xenoph. Ilell. iv. 8. § 17, iii. 2. § 19.) From the latter of the passages here re- ferred to, we learn that the town possessed a very revered sanctuary of Artemis; hence surnamed Ar- temis Leucophiyene or Leucophryne. (Pans. i. 26. § 4; Strab. xiv. p. 647; Tac. Ann. iii. 62.) The poet Nicander spoke of Leucophrys as a place dis- tinguished for its fine roses. (Athen. xv. p. 683.) Respecting Leucophrys, the ancient name of Te- nedos, see Tenedos. [L S.] LEUCO'SIA (AeDKoxria), a small island off the coast of Lucania, separated only by a narrow chan- nel from the headland which forms the southern boundary of the gulf of Paestum. This headland is called by Lycophron d/crry 'Y.vnriuis, " the pro- montory of Neptune," and his commentators tell us that it was commonly known as Posidium Promon- torium (t^ nocreiSTJiof). (Lycophr. Alex. 722; and Tzetz. ad loc.) But no such name is found in the geograpliers, and it seems probable that the promon- tory itself, as well as the little island oft" it, was known by the name of Leucosia. The former is still called Piinta della Licosa; the islet, which is a mere rock, is known as Isola Plana. It is generally said to have derived its ancient name from one of the Sirens, who was supposed to have been buried there (Lycijphr. I. c. ; Strab. I. c. ; Plin. iii. 7. s. 1 3) ; but Dionysius (who writes the name Leucasi.a) as- serts that it was named after a female cousin of Aeneas, and the same account is adopted by Solinus. (Dionys. i. 53; Solin. 2. § 13.) We learn from Symmachus (EjJj}- v. 13, vi. 25) that the opposite promontory was selected by wealthy Romans as a site for their villas; and the remains of ancient buildings, which have been discovered on the little island itself, prove that the latter was also re- sorted to for similar purposes. (Romanelli, vol. i. p. 345.) [E. H. B.] LEUCO'SIA (AevKooaia, AevKovaia), a city of Cyprus, which is mentioned only by Hieroclcs and the ecclesiastical historian Sozomen (//. E. i. 3, 10). The name is presei-ved in the modern LefjMsla or Nikosia, the capital of the island. (Engel, Ki/pros, vol. i. p. 150; Jlariti, Viaffffi, vol. i. p. 89; Pococke, Trav. in the East, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 221.) [E. B. J.] LEUCOSYRl (AiVKoavpoi), the ancient name of the Syrians inhabiting Cappadocia, by which they were distinguished from the more southern Syrians, who were of a darker complexion. (Herod, i. 72, vii. 72 ; Strab. xvi. p. 737 ; Plin. //. N. vi. 3 ; Eustath. ad Dionys. 772, 970.) They also spread over the western parts of Pontus, between the rivers Iris and Halys. In the time of Xenophon(yl?ia6. v. 6. § 8, &c.) they were united with Paphlagonia, and governed by a Paphlagonian prince, who is said to have had an army of 120,000 men, mostly horse- men. This name was often used by the Greeks, even at the time when it had become customary to desig-