Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/160

 144 LATMUS. stadia, and its whole lenc,'th, from Miletus to He- racleia, 100 stadia. (Strab. xiv. p. 635.) The bay now exists only as an inland lake, its mouth having been closed up by the deposits brought down by the JIaeander, a circumstance which has misled some modem travellers in those parts to confound the lake of Bttffi, the ancient Latmic gulf, with the lake of Myus. (Leake, Asia Minor, p. 239 ; Chandler, c. 53.) [L. S.] LATIIUS (ActTjUos), a mountain of Caria, rising at the head of the Latmic bay, and stretching along in a north-western direction. (Strab. xiv. p. 635 ; ApoUon. Ehod. iv. 57 ; Phn. v. 31 ; Pomp. Slel. i. 17.) It is properly the western offshoot of Mount Albanus or Albacus. This mountain is probably alhuled to by Homer (^11. ii. 868), when he speaks of the mountain of the Phthirians, in the neighbour- hood of Miletus. In Greek mythology, lIount Latmus is a place of some celebrity, being described as the place where Artemis (Luna) kissed the sleeping Endymion. In later times there existed on the mountain a sanctuary of Endymion, and his tomb was shown in a cave. (Apollod. i. 7. § 5 ; Hygin. Fah. 271 ; Ov. Trist. ii. 299 ; Val. Flacc. iii. 28 ; Paus. V. 1. § 4 ; Stat. Silv. iii. 4. § 40.) [L. S.] LATO. [Camara.] LATOBRIGI When the Helvetii determined to leave their country (h. c. 58), they persuaded " the Eauraci, and Tulingi and Latobrigi, who were their neighbours, to adopt the same resolution, and after burning their towns and villages to join their ex- pedition." (Caes. B. G. i. 5.) The number of the Tulingi was 36,000 ; and of the Latobrigi 14,000. (£. G. i. 29.) As there is no place for the Tulingi and Latobrigi within the hmits of Gallia, we must look east of the Rhine for their country. Walckenaer (^Geog. &c., vol. i. p. 559) supposes, or rather con- siders it certain, that the Tulingi were in the district of Thiengen and Stuhlingen in Badtn, and the La- tobrigi about Donaueschingen, where the Briggach and the Bregge join the Danube. This opinion is founded on resemblance of names, and on the fact that these two tribes must have been east of the Ehine. If the Latobrigi were Celtae, the name of the people may denote a position on a river, for the Celtic word '' brig " is a ford or the passage of a river. If the Latobrigi were a Germanic people, then the word " brig " ought to have some modern name corresponding £o it, and Walckenaer finds this correspondence in the name Brugge, a small place on the Bregge. [G. L.] LATO'POLIS or LATO (AaToiroKis, Strab. xvii. pp. 812, 817; TToAis Adrccv, PtoL iv. 5. §71; AdTTQiv, Hierocl. p. 732; I tin. Antonin. p. 160), the modern Esneh, was a city of Upper Egypt, seated upon the western bank of the Nile, in lat. 25° 30' N. It derived its name from the fish Lato, the largest of the fifty-two species which inhabit the Nile (Russegger, Reisen, vol. i. p. 300), and which appears in sculptures, among the symbols of the goddess Neith, Pallas-Athene, surrounded by the oval shield or ring indicative of royalty or divinity (Willvinson, ^f. and C. vol. v. p. 253). The tute- lary deities of Latopolis seem to have been the triad, — Kneph or Chnuphis, Neith or Sate, and Hak, their offspring. The temple was remarkable for the beauty of its site and the magnificence of its architecture. It was built of red sandstone ; and its portico con- sisted of six rows of four columns each, with lotus- leaf capitals, all of which however differ from each other. (Denon, Voyage, vol. i. p. 148.) But with LAVLA.NESINE. the exception of the jamb of a gateway — now con- verted into a door-sill — of the reign of Thothmes Ild. (xviiith dynasty), the remains of Latopolis belong to the Macedonian or Roman eras. Ptolemy Ever- getes, the restorer of so many temples in Upper Egypt, was a benefactor to Latopolis, and he is painted upon the walls of its temple followed by a tame lion, and in the act of striking down the chiefs of his enemies. The name of Ptolemy Epiphanes is found also inscribed upon a doorway. Yet, although from their scale these ruins are imposing, their sculptures and hieroglyphics attest the decline of Aegyptian art. The pronaos, which alone exists, resembles in style that of Apollinopolis Magna. (Edfoo), and was begun not earlier than the reign of Claudius (a. d. 41 — 54), and completed in that of Vespasian, whose name and titles are caiTed on the dedicatory inscription over the ent ance. On the ceiling of the pronaos is the larger Latopolitan Zodiac. The name of the emperor Geta, the last that is read in hieroglyphics, although partially erased by his brother and murderer Caracalla (a. d. 212), is still legible on the walls of Latopolis. Before raising their own edifice, the Romans seem to have destroyed even the basements of the earlier Aegyptian temple. There was a smaller temple, de- dicated to the same deities, about two miles and a half N. of Latopolis, at a village now called E'Dayr. Here, too, is a small Zodiac of the age of Ptolemy Evergetes (b. c. 246—221). This latter building has been destroyed within a few years, as it stood in the way of a new canal. The temple of Esneh has been cleared of the soil and rubbish which filled its area when Denon visited it. and now serves for a cotton warehouse. (Lepsius, Einleitung, p. 63.) The modern town of Esneh lis the emporium of the Abyssinian trade. Its camel-market is much resorted to, and it contains manufactories of cot- tons, shawls, and pottery. Its population is about 4000. [W. B. D.] LATOVICI {AaT66iK0i, Ptol. ii. 15. § 2), a tribe in the south-western part of Pannonia, on the river Savus. (Plin. iii. 28.) They appear to have been a Celtic tribe, and a place Praetorium Latovicorum is mentioned in their country by the Antonine Itine- rary, on the road from Aemona to Sirmium, perhaps on the site of the modem Neustddtl, in Illyria. (Comp. Zeuss, die Deutschen, p. 256.) [L.S.] LATU'RUS SINUS. [Maueetania.] LA'VARA. [Lusitania.] LAVATRAE, a station in Britain, on the road from Londinium to Luguvallum, near the wall of Hadrian, distant, according to one passage in the Antonine Itin., 54 miles, according to another, 59 miles, from Eboracum, and 55 miles from Longu- vallum. (^Anton. Itin. pp. 468, 476.) Perhaps the same as Bowes, on the river G)-eta, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. The church of Bowes contained in the time of Camden a hewn slab, bearing an inscription dedicatory to the Roman emperor Hadrian, and there used for the communion table. In the neighbourliood of Boices, there are the remains of a Roman camp and of an aqueduct. LAU'GONA, the modern Lahn, a river of Ger- many, on the east of the Rhine, into which it empties itself at Lahnstein, a few miles above Cohlenz. The ancients praise it for its clear water (Venant. Fort, viii. 7; Geogr. Eav. iv. 24, where it is called Logna. [L. S.] LAVIANESINE or LAVINIANESINE (Aa-