Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1361

 ZELASIUM, place consecrated to the worship of the goddess Ana- itis, to whom a temple was built there by the Per- sians in commemuration of a victory over the Sacae. The chief priest of this temple was regarded as the sovereign of Zela and its territory (ZTjArjTis). Not- withstanding this, however, it remained a small ])lace until Pompey, after his victory over Mithri- ilates, raised it to the rank of a city by increasing its population and extending its walls. Zela is ce- lebrated in history for a victory obtained in its vicinity by ilithridates over the Romans under Triarius, and still more for the defeat of Pharnaces, about which Caesar sent to Rome the famous report " Veni, Vidi, Vici." (Plin. vi. 3 ; Appian, Mithrid. 89 ; Piut. Caes. 50 ; Dion Cass. xlii. 47, where the jilace is erroneously called ZeAsfa ; Hirt. Bell. Alex. 73, where it is called Ziela ; Ptol. v. 6. § 10 ; Hierocl. p. 701 ; Steph. B. s. v.) Zela was situ- ated at a distance of four days' journey (according to the Pent. Table 80 miles) from Tavium, and .south-east of Amasia. The elevated ground on which the town was situated, and which Strabo calls the mound of Semiramis, was, according to Hirtius, a natural hill, but so shaped that it might seem to be the work of human hands. According to Ha- milton (Researches, i. p. 306), is a black-culoured isolated hill rising out of the plain, and is now crowned with a Turkish fortress, which still bears the name of Zilleh. [L. S.] ZP:LA'SIUM. [Posidium, p. 662, No. 4,] ZELDEPA. [Zaluapa.] ZELEIA (Ze'Asia), a town of Troas, at the foot of Mount Ida and on the banks of the river Aesepus, at a distance of 80 stadia from its mouth. It is mentioned by Homer {II. li. 824, iii. 103), who calls it a holy town. (Conip. Strab. xii. p. 565, xiii. pp. 585, 587, 603 ; Steph. B. s. v.) Arrian {Anab. i. 13) mentions it as the head-quarters of the Persian army before the battle of the Granicus ; it existed in the time of Strabo ; but afterwards it disappears. Some travellers have identified it with the modern Biga, between Bozaegee and Sorricui. [L. S.J ZELETIS. [ZEL.V.J ZENOBII INSULAE {Z-qvoBiov vrjaia, Ptol. vi. 7. § 47), seven small islands lying in the Sinus Sa- chalites, at the entrance of the Arabian Gulf. (Cf. Arrian. Per. M. Erijth. p. 19.) [V.] ZENODOTIUM {Z-nvoUnov, Dion Cass. xl. 12; Steph. B. 5. w.), a strong castle in the upper part of Mesopotamia, which was held by the Parthians dur- ing the war between them and the Romans under Crassus. It is called by Plutarch, Zenodotia (^Crass. c. 17). It cannot be identified with any modern site, but it was, probably, not far distant from Edessa. [V.] ZENO'NIS CHERSONESUS (Z^wros Xipa6- v7<ros, Ptol. iii. 6. § 4), a point of land on the N. coast of the Chersonesus Taurica in pAU-opean Sar- matia, probably the narrow tongue of Arabat. be- tween the Seaof Azof -dwA the Putrid Sea. [T.H.D.] ZE'PHYRE, a small island off the promontory Sammonium in Crete. (Plin. iv. 12. s. 20.) ZEPHY'RIA. [Halicaknassus.] ZEPHY'RIUM XZi<pvpiov), the name of a great number of promontories, as 1. At the western ex- tremity of the peninsula of Myndus in Caria, now called Gumichle or Angeli. (Strab. xiv. p. 658.) 2. On the coast of Cilicia, between Cilicia Tracheia and Pedias, a little to the west of the town of An- chiale. (Strab. xiv. p. 671.) It contained a fort of the same name, and was 120 stadia from Tarsus, ZERYNTHUS. 1337 and 13 miles east of Soli. (Sfadia.<;m. § 157; Tab. Peut. ; comp. Scyl. p. 40 ; Ptol. v. 8. § 4 • Liv. xsxiii. 20 ; Plin. v. 22 ; Hierocl. p. 704.) When Plmy (ssxiv. 50) states that the best n.olvb- daena was prepared at Zephyrium, he no doubt 'al- ludes to this place, since we know from Dio.scorides (v. 100) that this mineral was obtained in the neighbouring hill of Corycus, and that there it was of excellent quality. Leake {Asia Minor, p. 214) looks for it near the mouth of the river Merttn. 3. On the coast of Cilicia, near the mouth of the river Calycadnus. (Strab. xiv. p. 670 ; Ptol v 8 §3.) 4. A town on the coast of Paphlagonia, 60 stadia to the west of Cape Carambis. (Arrian, Peripl. P. E. p. 15 ; Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 6 ; Ptol. v. 4. § 2.) 5. A town and promontory on the coast of Pontus, in the country of the Mosynoeci, 90 stadia to the west of Tripolis. (Ptol. v. 6. § 1 1 ; Arrian. Peripl P. E. p. 17 ; Scylax, p. 33 ; Anon. Peripl P. E. p. 13 ; Tab. Peut.) The cape still bears the name of Zafra or Zefreli, and Hamilton {Researches, i. p. 261) regards the modern Kaik Liman as occu- pying the site of the ancient Zephvrium. [L S ] ZEPHYRIUM PRO.MONTOIUU.M (^rh Zi<p{,pLou: Capo di Bruzzano'), a promontory on the E. coast of the Bruttian peninsula, between Locri and tiie SE. corner of Bruttium. It is mentioned principally in connection with the settlement of the Locrian co- lonists in this part of Italy, whose city thence derived the name of Locri Epizepiiyrii. Ac- cording to Strabo, indeed, these colonists settled in the first instance on the headland itself, which had a small port contiguous to it, but after a short time removed to the site of their permanent city, about 15 miles farther N. (Strab. vi. pp. 259, 270.) The Zephyrian Promontory is mentioned by all the geographers in describing the coast of Bruttium, and is undoubtedly the same now called the Capo di Bruzzano, a low but marked headland, about 10 miles N. of Cape Spurtivento, which forms the SE. extremity of the Bruttian peninsula. (Strab. I c; Plin. iii. 5. s. 10 ; Mel. ii. 4. § 8 ; Ptol. iii. 1. § 10 ; Steph. Byz. s. v.) [E. II. B.] ZEPHY'RIUM '{Zetpvpiov 6.Kpov, Ptol. iii. 17. § 5). 1. A promontory on the E. part of the N. coast of Crete, near the town of Apollonia. Now Ponta di Tigani. 2. A promontory on the W. coast of Cyprus, near Paphos, probably the cape which closes the bav of Baffo to the W. (Ptol. v. 14. § 1 ; Strab. xiv. p. 683.) 3. A promontory in the E. part of Cyrcnaica, 150 stadia to the W. of Darnis. (Strab. xvii. j). 799, who attributes it to JIarmarica; Ptol. iv. 4. )^ 5; Stadias. M. Magni, §§ 47, 48.) Now Cape Derne. 4. Another promontory of Cyrenaica, with a har- bour. (Strab. xvii. p. 838.) 5. A promontory near Little Taposiris in Lower Aegypt, having a temple of Arsinue-Apbro<liic. (Strab. xvii. p. 800.) Hence that goddess deriM'd the epithet of Zephuritis {Z^pvplri^, Allien, vii. p. 318, D.; Callim. Kp. 31 ; Stepii. B. ». v.). 6. A town of the Chersoncsus Taurica, mentioned only by Pliny (iv. 12. s. 26). [T. H. I).] ZERNES {Zipvy)s, Procop. de Acd. iv. 6. p. 288), a fortress in Upper Jloesia, apparently the jircsent Old Orsowa, at the mouth of the Tzermi. [T.H.D.] ZERYNTHUS (ZZ/p^eos, Lycophr. 77; Stej-ii. B. s. v.), a town of Thrace not I'ar from the boiilers of the Acnianes. It contained a cave of Hecate, a Icm-