Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/135

 LAXirSUS. Euagon to seize the citadel, and thereby to make him- self tyrant, seems to belonij to the same period. (Athen. xi. p. 508.) After the battle of Jlycale, in IS. c. 479, Lampsacus joined Athens, but revolted after the failure of the great Athenian expedition to Sicily ; being, however, unfortified, it was easily re- conquered by a fleet under Strombichides. (Thuc. viii. 62.) After the time of Alexander the Great, the Lampsaceni had to defend their city against the attacks of Antiochus of Syria ; they voted a crown of gold to the Romans, and were received by them as allies. (Liv. xxsiii. 38, xxxv. 42, xliii. 6; I'olyb. sxi. 10.) In the time of Strabo, Lampsacus was still a flourishing city. It was the birthplace of many distinguished authors and philosophers, such as Charon the historian, Anaximenes the orator, and Jlctrodorus the disciple of Epicurus, who himself resided there for many years, and reckoned some of its citizens among his intimate friends. (Strab. I. c; ])ii)g. Laert. x. 11.) Lampsacus possessed a fine statue by Lysijipiis, representing a prostrate lion, but it was removed by Agrippa to Rome to adorn the Campus IMartius. (Strab. /. c.) Lampsacus, as is well known, was the chief seat of the obscene worship of Priapus, wlio was believed to have been born there of Aphrodite. (Athen. i. p. 30 ; Pans, ix. ^1. § 2 ; Apollon. Rhod. i. 983 ; Ov. Fast. vi. 345; Yh-g. Geortj. iv. 110.) From this circum- stance the whole district was believed to have de- rived the name of Abarnis or Aparnis {airapvilaOai), because Aphrodite denied that she had given birth to him. (Theophr. I/ist. Plant, i. 6, 13.) The an- cient name of the district had been Bebrycia, pro- balily from the Thracian Bebryces, who had settled there. (Comp. Hecat. /'>ff^?«. 207 ; Ch?LV0X, Fragm. 115, 119 ; Xenoph. Anah. vii. 8. § 1 ; Polyb. v. 77; Piin. iv. 18, V. 40 ; Ptol. v. 2. § 2 ; Staph. B. s. v.) The name of LamsaH is still attached to a small town, near which Lampsacus prubably stood, as Lamsaki itself contains no remains of antiquity. There are gold and silver staters of Lampsacus in ditferent collections ; the imperial coins have been traced from Augustus to Gallienus. (Sestini, Mon. Vet. p. 73.) [L. S.] LANGOBARDL 119 COIN OF LAMPS.CUS. LAMPSUS, a town of Histiaeotis in Thessaly, on the borders of Athamama. (Liv. xxsii. 14.) LAMPTRA. [Attica, p. 331, a.] LAMUS (Actiuos), a village of Cilicia, at the mouth of the river Lanius, from which the whole district derived the name of Lamotis. The river is mentioned by Stephanus B. (from Alexander Polyhistor), and both the river and the village by Strabo (xiv. p. 671) and Ptolemy (v. 8. §§4, 6). The river, which is otherwise of no importance, formed the boundary between Cihcia Aspera and Cilicia Propria, and still bears the name of 2-a?«as or Lamiizo. About the village of Lamus no particulars are known. (Comp. l^onnus, Dionys. ssiv. 50 ; Hierocl. p. 709.) [L S.] LA5IYR0N (^A.aix.vpiiv'), a great harbour near Cape Heraclium, on the coast of Pontus, not far from Themiscyra. (Anonym. Peripl. Pont. Eux. p. 10.) [L. S.] LANCE {Itin. Ant. p. 395), or LA'NCIA (Aa7- Kia, Dion Cass. liii. 25,29; Flor. iv. 12; Ores, vi. 21), or LANCIATUM {AayKiaTov, Ptol. ii. 6. § 29), the chief city of the Lanceati {^hayinajoi, Ptol. I. c.) or Lancienses (Plin. iii. 3. s. 4), a tribe of the Astures, in Hispania Tarraconensis. It was strongly fortified, and was the most important city of that region, even more so than Legio VII. Ge- MiN.v, at least before the settlement of the latter by the Romans, by whom Lancia was destroyed, though it was again restored. It lay on the high road from Cac.saraugusta to Legio VII. {Leon), only 9 M. P. from the latter, where its name is still to be traced in that of Sollanco or SoUancia. (Florez, Esp. S. vol. xvi. p. 16; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 441.) [P. S.] LA'NCIA, LANCIA'TI, LANCIA'TUM. [Lakce.] LA'NCIA OPPIDA'NA. [Vettojjes.] LANCIENSES. [Lance.] LAXCIENSES OCELENSES or TRANSCU- DANI. [Ocelum.] LANGOBARDI, LOXGOBARDI (Aayyo§dpSoi, Aoyyu§dp3oi, also AayyoSdpSai and AoyyoSdpSai), a tribe of Germans whom we first meet with in the plain, south of the lower Elbe, and who belonged to the Suevi (Strab. vii. p. 290, where Kramer reads AayKoSapdoi ; Ptol. ii. 11. §§ 9, 17). According to Paulus Diaconus, himself a Langobard, or Lombard (Jlist. Longob. i. 3, 8; comp. Isidor. Orig. ix. 2; Etijm. M. s. V. yeveiov), the tribe derived its name from the long beards, by which they distinguished themselves from the other Germans, who generally shaved their beards. But it seems to be more pro- bable that they derived the name from the country they inhabited on the banks of the Elbe, where Borde (or Bord) still signifies " a fertile plain by the side of a river;'' and a district near Magdeburg is still called the lange Borde (Wilhelm, Germanien, p. 286). According to this, Langobardi would sig- nify " inhabitants of the long bord of the river." The district in which we first meet with them, is the left bank of the Elbe, from the point where the Sala empties itself into it, to the frontiers of the Chauci Minores, so that they were bounded in the north by the Elbe, in the east by the Semnones, in the south by the Cherusci, and in the west by the Fosi and Angrivarii. Traces of the name of the Langobardi still occur in that country in such names as Bardengau, Bardewik. The earliest writer who mentions the Langobardi as inhabiting those parts, is Velleius Paterculus (ii. 106). But notwithstanding the unanimous testimony of the ancients that they were a branch of the Suevi, their own historian (Paul. Diac. I c. ; comp. Euseb. Chron. ad an. 380) states that the Langobardi originally did not inhabit any part of Germany, but had migrated south from Scandinavia, where they had borne the name of Vinili, and that they assumed the name Langobardi after their arrival in Germany. It is impossible to say what value is to be attributed to this statement, which has found as many advocates as it has had opponents. F)-om Strabo {I. c.) it is clear that they occupied the northern bank of the Elbe, and it is possible that they were among those Germans whom Tiberius, in the reign of Augustus drove across the Elbe (Suet. Aug. 21). In their new country they were soon reduced to submission by Maroboduus, but I 4