Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/134

 118 AJIIACUS SINUS. the Lamian war. Having afterwards received suc- cours from Cratenis, Antipater retreated northwards, and defeated tlie allies at the battle of Crannon in the following year. (Diod. sviii. 9, seq. ; Polyb. is. 29.) In B. c. 208 Philip, son of Demetrius, de- feated the Aetolians near Lamia. (Liv. xxvii. 30.) In 192 Lamia opened its gates to Antiochus (Liv. xsxv. 43), and was in consequence besieged in the following year by Philip, who was then acting in conjunction with the Romans. (Liv. xxxvi. 25.) On this occasion Livy mentions the difficulty which the Macedonians experienced in mining the rock, which was siliceous (" in asperis locis silex saepe impene- trabilis ferrooccurrebat"). In 190 the town was taken by the Romans. (Liv. xxxvii. 4, 5.) Lamia is men- tioned by Pliny (iv. 7. s. 14), and was also in existence in the sixth centuiy. (Hierocl. p. 642, ed. Wesseling.) The site of Lamia is fixed at Zituni, both by the description of the ancient writers of the position of Lamia, and by an inscription which Paul Lucas copied at this place. Zituni is situated on a hill, and is by nature a strongly fortified position. The only remains of the ancient city which Leake discovered were some pieces of the walls of the Acropolis, forming a part of those of the modern castle, and some small remains of the town walls at the foot of the hill, beyond the extreme modern houses to the eastward. On the opposite side of the town Leake noticed a small river, which, we learn from Strabo (ix. p. 434, 450), was called Achelous. The port of Malia was named Phalar.v (to ■I'a- apa, Strab. ix. p. 435 ; Polyb. xx. 11; Liv. xxvii. 30, XXXV. 43 ; PHn. iv. 7. s. 12), now StyUdha. Zituni has been compared to Athens, with its old castle, or acropolis, above, and its Peiraeeus at Sty- Udha, on the shore below. There is a fine view from the castle, commanding the whole country adjacent to the head of the Jlaliac gulf. (Lucas, Voyage dans la Grece, vol. i. p. 405 ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 2 ; Stephani, Reise, ijc. p. 39.) COIN OF LAMIA. LA: ACUS SINUS (o AaMia/fbj ko'Attos), a name given by Pausanias to the JIaliac gulf, from the important town of Lamia. (Paus. i. 4. § 3, vii. 15. § 2, X. 1. § 2.) In the same way the gulf is now called Zituni, which is the modern name of Lamia. LAMI'NIUM (^Aafjilviov : Elh. Laminitani: near Fuenllana, between Montiel and Alcnraz), a town of the Carpetani (according to Ptolemy, though some suppose it to have belonged rather to the Oretani), in Hispania Tarraconensis. It was a sti- pendiary town of the conventus of New Carthage, and stood on the high road from Emerita to Caesar- augusta. The river Anas {Gnadiana) rose in the lands of Laminium, 7 M. P. E. of the town. (Plin. iii. 1. s. 2, 3. s. 4; /tin. Ant. pp. 445, 446; Ptol. ii. 6. § 57; Inscr. ap. Florez, Esj). S. vol. iv. p. 38, vol. V. pp. 22, 122, vol. vii. p. 140; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 411 : in Plin. xxxvi. 21. s. 47, where Phny speaks of the whetstones found in Hither Spain as Cotes Flaminitanae, Ukert supposes we ought to read Cotes Laminitanae.') [P. S.] LAMPSACUS. LAAIO'TIS (Aa.uwTis), a district on the eastern coast of Cilicia Aspera, between the rivers Caly- cadnus and Lamus. Its capital bore the name of Lamus, from which that of the district was derived. (Ptol. V. 8. § 6 ; comp. Lamus.) [L. S.] LAAIPAS (Aa/xirds), ?. harbour on the E. coast of the Tauric Chersonese, 800 stadia from Theodosia, and 220 stadia from Criu-JIetopon. (Aman, Peripl. p. 20; Anon. PeripJ. p. 6.) Arrian uses the two names Lampas and Halmitis as if they belonged to the same place, but the Anonymous Coast-describer speaks of Lampas alone. Halmitis probably took its name from being a place for salting fi^h. The name is preserved in the places now called B'iouh- Lamhat and Koutchowk-Lambat, Tartar villages at the end of a bay defended by the promontory of Plaka, near which ancient ruins have been found. (Dubois de Jlontpereux, Voyage autmtr du Cavcase, vol. v. p. 713, vol. vi. p. 460; Rennell, Compar. Geog. vol. ii. p. 340.) [E. B. J.] LAJIPATAE or LAMPAGAE (AoMTrorai or Aaf^nayai, Ptol. vii. 1. § 42), a small tribe who lived among the offshoots of the Imaus, 'in the NW. pirt of India, about the sources of the Choes (now Kameh'), which is itself a tributary of the Kabul river. [V.] LAiIPE (AajxTrri), a town in Crete, also called Lappa. [Lapp..] Besides this town Stephanus B. (s. ».) mentions two other towns of this name, otherwise unknown, one in Arcadia and the other in Argolis. LAMPEIA. [Erymanthus.] LAJIPE'TIA. [Clampktia.] LAMPOXEIA or LAMPO'NIUJI (Aa/x-ir^veia, AafxTrtJiviov), an Aeolian town in the south-west of Troas, of which no particulars are known, except that it was annexed to Persia by the satrap Otanes in the reign of Darius Hystaspis. It is mentioned only by the airliest writers. (Herod, v. 26 ; Strab. xiii. p. 610 ; Steph. B. s. v.) [L. S.] LAMPRA. [Attica, p. 331, a.] LA'MPSACUS (AajU|/aK:oj : Eth. Aau.i/aKriv6s), sometimes also called Lampsacum (Cic. in Verr. i. 24 ; Pomp. Mela, i. 19), was one of the most cele- brated Greek settlements in Mysia on the Hellespont. It was known to have existed under the name of Pityusa or Pityussa before it received colonists from the Ionian cities of Phocaea and Miletus. (Strab. xiii. p. 589 ; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. v. 40 ; Horn. II. ii. 829 ; Plut. de Virt. 3M. 18.) It was situated, opposite to Callipolis, in the Thracian Chersonesus, and possessed an excellent harbour. Herodotus (vi. 37) relates that the elder Miltiades, who was settled in the Thracian Chersonesus, made war upon the Lampsaceni, but that they took him by surprise, and made him their prisoner. Being threatened, however, by Croesus, who supported Jliltiades, they set him free. During the Ionian revolt, the town fell into the hands of the Persians. (Herod, v. 117.) The territoiy about Lampsacus produced excellent wine, whence the king of Persia bestowed it upon Themistocles, that he might thence provide hinl^elf with wine. (Thucyd. i. 138 ; Athen. i. p. 29 ; Diod. xi. 57 ; Plut. Them. 29 ; Nepos, Them. 10; Amm. Marc. xxii. 8.) But even while Lanip.sacus acknowledged the supremacy of Persia, it continued to be governed by a native prince or tyrant, of the name of Hippocles. His son Aeantides married Archedice, a daughter of Pisistratus, whose tomb, commemorating her virtues, was seen there in the time of Thucydides (vi. 59). The attempt of