Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1338

 1314 ULIARUS INSULA. ULIARUS INSULA {Eth Olarionensis, Sido- nius Apollinaris), is placed by Pliny in the Aqui- tanicus Sinus (iv. 19). It is the lie d'OUron, which belongs to the department of Charente Infi- riewe, and is separated from the mainland by a narrow strait. [G. L.] ULIZIBERA (OuM^tgrjpa, or Out(igippa, Ptol. iv. 3. § 37), the Ulusubritanum of Pliny (v, 4. s. 4). a town of Byzacium in Africa Proper, S. of Ha- drumetuir.. [T. H. D.] ULL. (called by Ptolemy Quia, ii. 6. § 2), a river on the W. coast of Hispania Tarraconensis, which enters the sea between the Jlinius and the promontory of Nerium. (Mela, iii. 1.) It is still called UUa. [T. H. D.] ULMANETES. [Silvanectes.] ULJn or ULJIUS, a place fre(juently mentioned in the Itineraries as situated in the interior of Lower Pannonia on the road leading from Siccia to Cibalae and Sirmium (It. Ant. pp. 131. 232, 261, 267 ; Jt. Eieros. p. 563 ; Tab. Pent.') ; but its exact site is uncertain. [L. S.] ULMUS, a place in Upper Sloesia, between Na- issus and Remesiana. (Ttin. Eieros. p. 566.) Ac- cording to Lapie near Pamiitz. [T. H. D.] ULPIA'NUM. 1. {OhXizLavov, Ptol. iii. 9. § 6), called also Ulpi.-^na (OuATriai'd, Hierocl. p. 656), a town of Upper Moesia on the southern declivity of Mt. Scomius. It was enlarged and adorned by Justinian, whence it obtained the name of Ju.stiniana Secunda. (Procop. de Aed. iv. 1, Goth. iv. 25.) It is com- monly id>'nti.'ied with the present Ghtstendil; but Leake (Xorthern Greece, iii. p. 475) takes that town to represent the ancient Pantalia or Pautalia in Thrace. 2. A place in Dacia. apparently in the neighbour- hood of Klausenburg. (Ptol. iii. 8. § 7.) [T^ H. D.] ULTERIOR PORTUS. [Itius Portus.] ULU1jR.A.E (Eth. Uhibrensis), a small town of Latium on the borders of the Pontine Marshes. It is not mentioned in history previous to the establish- ment of the Roman dominion, but is noticed repeat- edly by Latin writers of the best period, though always as a poor and decayed town, a condition which appears to have resulted from its marshy and un- healthy position. Hence Cicero jestingly terms its citizens little hog? (t-anunculi, Ep.ad Fam.Vii. 18), and both Horace and Juvenal select it as an almost proverbial example of a deserted and melancholy place. (Hor. Ep. i. 1 1. 30 ; Juv. x. 101.) Still it appears from the expressions of the latter, that it still retained the rank of a municipal town, and had its own local magistrates ; and in accordance with this, we find the Ulubrenses enumerated by Pliny among the municipal towns of the First Region. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 9.) Tlie same thing is attested by inscrip- tions (Orell. Iiiscr. 121 — 123), and the discovery of these at the place now called Cistertia, about eight miles from Velleiri, and 35 from Rome, immediately at the entrance of the Pontine Marshes, leaves no doubt that Ulubrae was situated somewhere in that neighbourhood. But the village of Cis- terna (called in the middle ages Cisterna Neronis), does not appear to occupy an ancient site, and the exact position of Ulubrae is still undetermined. (Nibby, Dintorni di Roma, vol. i. p. 463.) [E.ILB.] UJIBENNUM, in Gallia Narbonensis, is placed in the Jerusalem Itin. between Batiana [Batiana] and Valentia (Valence). [G. L.] UilBRAE, one of many tribes placed by Pliny near the mouth of the Indus, adjoining, perhaps UMBRIA. within, the larger district of Pattalene (vi. 20. s. 23). [V.] UMBRANICI, a people of Gallia Narbonensis, who had the Jus Latii. (Plin. iii. 4.) There is no further notice of these people who had tliis political privilege, except the occurrence of the nam* Um- branica or Umbranicia in the Table. [G. L.] U.MBRIA (tj '0/j.SptKV : Eth. Umber, Umbri, 'Ofx- gpiKoj), was one of the principal divisions of Central Italy, situated to the E. of Etruria, and extending from the valley of the Tiber to the shores of the Adri- atic. The name was. however, at difterent periods applied within very different limits. Umbria, properly so called, may be con.sidered as extending only from the Tiber, which formed its W. limit through the greater part of its course, and separated Umbria from Etruria, to the great central range of the Apennines from the sources of the Tiber in the N. to the Monti della Sibilla in the S. But on the other side of this range, sloping down to the Adriatic, was an extensive and fertile district extending from the frontiers of Picenum to the neighbourhood of Arimi- num, which had probably been at one time also oc- cupied by the Umbrians, but, before it appears in Roman history, had been conquered by the Gaulish tribe of the Senones. Hence, after the expulsion of these invaders, it became known to the Romans as •' Gallicus ager," and is always so termed by histo- rians in reference to the earlier period of Roman history. (Liv. xxiii. 14, xxxix. 44 ; Cic. Bnit. 14, &c.) On the division of Italy into regions by Augustus, this district was again united with Umbria, both being included in the Sixth Region. (Plin. iii. 14. s. 19.) But even Pliny, in describing this union, distinguishes the "ager Gallicus" from Umbria Proper ("' Jungitur his sexta regio Uvibriain complexa agrumque GalUcum circa Ariminum," lb.) : it is evident therefore that the name of Umbria did not at that time in common usage include the terri- tory on the shores of the Adriatic. In like manner Ptolemy desiirnates the coast from Ancona to Arimi- num (termed by Pliny the " Gallica ora ") as " the land of the Senones" (Ptol. iii. 1. § 22), a term which had certainly become inappropriate long before his time. It was according to Pliny (I. c.) this por- tion of the Gaulish territory which was properly designated as Gallia Togata, a name afterwards extended and applied to the whole of Cisalpine Gaul. (Hirt. B. G. viii. 24; Cic. Phil. viii. 9, &c.) It was not, therefore, till a late period that the name of Umbria came into general use as including the whole of the Sixth Region of Augustus, or the land from the Tiber to the Adriatic. Umbria, in this more extended sense of the name, was bounded on the W. by the Tiber, from a point near its source to a little below Ocriculum, which was the most southern city included within the province. Thence the E. frontier ascended the valley of the Xar, which separated Umbria from the land of the Sabines, almost to the sources of that river in the great central chain of the Apennines. Thence it followed a line nearly parallel with the main ridge of those mountains, but somewhat farther to the E. (as Camerinum, Matilica, and other towns situated on the E. slopes of the Apennines were included in Umbria), as far as the sources of the Aesis (Esino), and then descended that river to its mouth. We know that on the coast the Aesis was the recognised boundary between Umbria and Picenum on the S., as the little river Rubicon was between Umbria and Galha Cisalpina on the N.