Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1310

 1286 VETURII. Reg. ii. 56). But till very recently the opinion most commonly ailopted was that of Leandro Alberti, an antiquary ot' the 16th century, who placed it on Monte Caloi {Descriz. (F Italia, p. 27), in a wood called Selva di Vetleta ; and who has been followed by Cluverius {Ital. Ant. ii. 2. p. 472), by Miiller {Etvmker, i. p. 211), &c. It is now, however, generally admitted that Vetulonia is to be identified with the remains of a city, discovered in 1842 by Si?. Pasquinelli, an Italian engineer, at Magliano, a villai^e between the Osa and the Albegna, and 8 or 10 miles to the N. of Orbetello. To Jlr. Dennis {Cities and Sepnlchres of Etruria, vol. ii. ch. 48), however, is to be assigned the credit of first identi- fying these remains as those of the lost Etruscan city. Their site agrees with what we learn respecting that of Vetulonia. Pliny and Ptolemy (II. cc.) agree in placing the latter among the inland colonies of Etruria; yet Pliny (ii. 10.3. s. 106) also describes it as being not far from the sea, and as having hot springs, the Aquae Vetuloniae, in its neighbourhood. Now, all the necessary conditions are fulfilled by the re- mains alluded to. The circuit of the walls, about 4 J miles, shows it to have been an important city; its situation with regard to the sea agrees with the account of Pliny ; and near Telamonaccio, at a distance of only 200 or .300 yards from the coast, and in the vicinity of the newly found city, warm springs still exist. For other reasons which led Mr. Dennis to the opinion which he formed, the reader is referred to his work before cited, and to his paper in the Classical Museum, vol. ii. p. 229, seq. For coins of Vetulonia, see Eckhel, vol. i. pt. i. p. 94. [T. H. D.] VETU'IUr. [Genua.] VEXALLA AEST. (Ou6|aAAa (taxvffis, Ptol. ii. 3. § 3), a bay on the W. coast of Britannia Eo- mana, near the mouth of the river Sabrina, now Bridgewnter Bag. [T. H. D.] UFENS ( Ufente), a river of Latium, rising at the foot of the Volscian mountains, and flowing through the Pontine Marshes, whence its course is slow and stagnant, and it is described by both Virgil and Silius Italicus, as a sluggish and muddy streain. (Virg. Aen. vii. 801 ; Sil. Ital. viii. 382.) Claudian also calls it " tardatus suis erroribus Ufens." (Proh. et 01. Cons. 257.) It joins the Amasenus (still called Amaseno) during its course through the marshes to the sea at Terracina, biit the present channels of both rivers are artificial, and it is un- certain whether they united their streams in ancient times or not. The name is corrupted by Strabo into Aufidus {hv^ihos, v. p. 233), but he correctly describes it as one of the chief agents in the forma- tion of the Pontine Marshes. The ancient form of tlie name was Oufens, whence the Roman tribe Oufentina derived its name, being composed ori- ginally of citizens settled in the territory and neighbourhood of Privernum (Fest. s. w. Oufentina, p. 194). [E. H. B.] UFFUGUM [Bruttii]. UGERNUM {OiJyipvov), a town of Gallia Nar- honensis, on the road from Nemausus through Ugernum and Tarascon to Aquae Sestiae (Aix). Strabo (iv. p. 178) has described this road. The geni- tive VGERNi occurs in an inscription found at Nimes, Ugernum is represented by Beaiicaire. The Table marks the distance from Nemausus (Nimes) to Ugernum xv., which is near the truth. In the last century the Roman road between Nemausus and Ugernum was discovered with several milestones on it in their original position, and numbered, as it VIA AEMILIA. seems, from Nemausus the ancient capital of the district. These milestones gave the opportunity of ascertaining the length of the Roman mile. The name oi Beaucai/'e is a corruption of the middle- age name of Bellum-quadrum. If any trace of the name Ugernum exists, it is in the name of Gernegne, the lower part of Tarascon, which is on the oppo- site side of the river, for Beaucaire and Tarascon stand face to face. But in order to admit this, we must suppose that Gernegne represents an island Gernica, which, according to a middle-age docu- ment, was between Beaucaire and Tarascon, ami that by some change in the river the island has become part of the mainland on the east side of the river; and it is .said that this fact about the island is certain. (D'Anville, Notice, cf-c. ; Penny Cyclo- paedia, art. Beaucaire.') [G. L.] UGIA {Ovy la, Ptol. ii. 4. § 12), a town of the Turdetani in Hispania Baetica, on the road from Cades to Corduba. {Itin. Ant. p. 410.) It is probably the town called Urgia by Pliny (iii. 1. s. 3), with the surnames of Castrum Julium or Caesaris Salutariensis, and possessing the Jus Latii. Now Las Cabezas, where there are some antiquities. (Cf. Ukert, ii. pt. i. p. 356.) [T. H. D.J VIA AEMILIA (v Ai,uiA.ia oUs), one of the most celebrated and important of the Roman high- ways, and the first that was constructed by them in Northern Italy. The period of its first construction is clearly marked by Livy, who tells us that M. Aemilius Lepidus, the consul of b. c. 187, after having effectually subdued the Ligurians, carried a highroad from Placcntia to Ariminum, that it might there join the Flaminian Way (" Viam ab Placentia, ut Flaminiae committeret, Ariminum perdusit," Liv. xxxis. 2). Strabo indeed gives a difierent view of the case, and speaks of the Aemilian Way as con- structed in the first instance only from Ariminum to Bononia, and thence sweeping round the marshes, and skirting the roots of the Alps to Aquileia (v. p. 217). But there is every reason to suppose that this last branch of the road was not constructed till long afterwards ; and there is no doubt of the cor- rectness of Livy's statement that the original Via Aemilia, and the only one that was generally recog- nised as such, was the line of road from Ariminum to Placentia. It was this celebrated highway — which is still in use at the present day, and, being carried the whole way through a level plain, preserves almost a straight line during a course of 180 miles — that be- came the means of carrying Roman civilisation into the heart of Cisalpine Gaul; and so great was its in- fluence upon the population that it traversed, that the whole district between the Apennines and the Padus, constituting the Eighth Region of Augustus, and commonly called by geographers GalliaCispadana, came to be known as Aemilia, and was eventually constituted into a province under that name. The period at which this took place is uncertain, but the appellation was doubtless in popular use long before it became an official designation ; and as early as the fir.st century we find Martial employing the ex- pressions, " Aemiliae de regione viae," and even " tota in Aemilia" (Martial, iii. 4. 2, vi. 85. 6). As indeed all the principal towns of the district (with the single exception of Ravenna) were situated 071 the Via Aemilia, the use of this designation seems extremely natural. We have no account of the period at which the Via Aemilia was continued from Placentia to Jledio- lanum, though there is little doubt that it would take