Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1270

 1246 TYDE. people of Scythia intra Imanm, on the banks of the Eha. [T. H. D.] TYDE. [TiiDE.] TYLE (TuAtj, Polyb. iv. 46), a town of Thrace, on the coast of the Euxine, where the Gauls esta- hUshed a seat of government ((BoyiAf loi'). and which Iteichard identifies with Kilios. Steph. B. (p. 670) calls it TuAis, and places it on the Haemus. [J. R] TYLISSUS, a town of Crete (Plin. iv. 20), the position of which can only be conjectured. On its ancient coins are found on the reverse a young man liolding in his right hand the head of an ibex or wild goat, and in his left a bow. These types on the coins of Tylissus led the most distinguished numismatist of the last century (Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 321) to fix its situation somewhere between Cydonia and Elyrus, the bow being common on the coins of the one, and the ibex's head on those of the other, of these two cities. Hock (Kreta, vol. i. p. 433) and Torres Y. Itibera {Periplus Cretae, p. 324) adopt this suggestion of Eckhel, and place Tylissus on the S. coast at the W. extremity of the islaud near the modern Selino-Kasieli. (Pashlev, Travels, vol. i. p. 162.) ' [E. B. J.] TYLUS or TYRUS (TvXos, TtoL vi. 7. § 47; Tvpos, Strab. xvi. p. 766 ; Steph. B. s. v.), an island in the Persian gulf, off the coast of Arabia. It has been already mentioned that according to some traditions, this island was the original se;it of the Phoenicians, who named the city of Tyre after it when they had settled on the coasts of the ^Mediterranean. [Phoenicia, p. 607.] Pliny de- scribes the island as abounding in pearls. (Plin. vi. 28. s. 32, xii. 10. s. 21, xvi. 41. s. 80; Arrian, A7iab. vii. 20 ; Theophr. Hist, riant, iv. 9, v. 6 ) [T. H. D.] TYMANDUS (Tu'uai'Sos : Eth. Tunav^v6s), a place in Phrygia, between Philomelium and Sozo- polis. {Cone. Chalced. pp. 244, and 247: in this passage the reading yiavi-qviLv tt6is is corrupt; Hierocl. p. 673, where the name is miswrilten Tu.uai'Spor.) It is possible that Tymandus may be the same as the Dyinas mentioned by Livy (xxxviii. 15), for which some JISS. have Dimas or Di- iiias. [L. S.] TYMBRES, a tribataty of the Sangarius, in the north of Phrygia (Liv. xxxviii. 18), is in all pro- bability the same river as the one called by Pliny (vi. 1) Tembrogius, which joined the Sangarius, as Livy savs, on the borders of Phrygia and Galatiu, and, flowing in the plain of Dorylaeum, separated Phrv-gia Epictetus from Phrygia Salutaris. It seems also to be the same river as the Thyaris and Batliys mentioned in Bvzantine writers. (Cinnamus, v. 1. p. Ill ; Vochter,iVaUfahrten, p. 522, foil.) [L. S.] TYMPHAEA, TYMPHAEI. [Tymphe.] TYMPHE {Tvix<pri), a mountain on the confines of Macedonia, Epeirus, and Thessaly, a part of the range of Pindus, which gave its name to the district Tymphaea (Tv^icpata), and to the people, the Tym- VHAEI (TvfKpa'ioi, Steph. B. s. v.). As it is stated that the river Arachthus rose in Mt. Tymphe, and that Aeginium was a town of the Tymphaei (Strab. vii. pp. 325, 327), Jit. Tymphe may be identified with the summits near Metzovo, and the Tymphaei may he regarded as the inhabitants of the whole of the upper valley of the Peneius from Metzovo or Kala- bdka. The name is written in some editions of Strabo, Stymphe and Stymphaei, and the form Stym- phaea also occurs in Arrian (i. 7); but the ortho- graphy without the s is perhaps to be preferred. The TYNDARIS. question whether Stymphalis or Stymphalia is the same district as Tymphaea has been discussed else- where. [Stysiphalis.] Pliny in one passage calls the Tym])haei an Aetolian people (iv. 2. s. 3), and in another a Macedonian (iv. 10. s. 17). while Ste- phanus B. describes the mountain as Thesprotian, and Strabo (Z. c.) the people as an Epirotic race. Stephanas B. mentions a town Tymphaea, which is probably the same place called Trampya (Tpayu- Tri^a) by others, where Polysperchon, who was a native of this district, murdered Hercules, the son of Alex- ander the Great. (Lycophr. 795 ; Diodor. xx. 28, with Wesselings note ; Steph. B. s. v. Tpa/xirva.^ (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. i. p. 422, vol. ii. pp. 275, 276.) TYMPHRESTUS. [Pindus.] TY'KDARIS (TwSapis, Strab.; TvvUpiov, Ptol.: Eth. TvuSapiTTis, Tyndaritanus: Tindaro), a city on the N. coast of Sicily, between Jlylae {Mlluzz(ji) and Agathyrna. It was situated on a bold and lofty hill standing out as a promontory into the spacious bay bounded by the Punta di Milazzo on the E., and the Capo Calava on the, and was distant according to the Itineraries 36 miles from Messana. {It. Ant. p. 90 ; Tab. Pent.) It was a Greek city, and one of the latest of all tlie cities in Sicily that could claim a purely Greek origin, having been founded by the elder Dionysius in B. c. 395. The original settlers were the remains of the Jlessenian exiles, who had been driven from Naupactus,Zacyn- thus, and the Peloponnese by the Spartans after the close of the Peloponnesian War. These had at first been established by Dionysius at Jlessana, when he repeopled that city [Mess.vna] ; but the Spar- tans having t;iken umbrage at this, he transferred them to the site of Tyndaris, which had previously been included in the territory of Abacaenum. The colonists themselves gave to their new city the name of Tyndaris, from their native divinities, the Tynda- ridae or Dioscuri, and readily admitting fresh citizens from other quarters, soon raised their whole ])opula- tion to the number of 5000 citizens. (Diod. xiv. 78.) The new city thus rose at once to be a place of consi. derable importance. It is nest mentioned in b. c. 344, when it was one of the first cities that declared in favour of Timoleon after his landing in Sicily. (Id. xvi. 69.) At a Liter period we find it mentioned as espousing the cause of Hieron, and supporting him during his war against the Mamertines, B. C. 269. On that occasion he rested his position upon Tyn- daris on the left, and on Tauromenium on the right. (Diod. sxii. Exc. H. p. 499.) Indeed the strong position of Tyndaris rendered it in a strategic point of view as important a post upon the Tyrrhenian, ;is Tauromenium was upon the Sicilian sea, and hence we find it frequently mentioned in subsequent wars. In the Eirst Punic War it was at first dejiendent upon Carthage; and though the citizens, alarmed at the progress of the Roman arms, were at one time on the point of revolting to Rome, they were re- strained by the Carthaginians, who carried oif all the chief citizens as hostages. (Diod. xxiii. p. 502.) In B. v.. 257, a sea-fight took place off Tynd:u-is, between that city and the Liparaean islands, in which a Roman fleet under C. Atilius obtained some advantage over the Carthaginian fleet, but without any decisive result. (Poly. i. 25 ; Zonar. viii. 12.) The Roman fleet is described on that occasion as touching at the promontory of Tyndaris, but the city had not yet fallen into their hands, and it was not till after the fall of Panormus, in b. c. 254, that