Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1258

 1234 TLOCHOEIDES LACUS. proper and more limited sense, however, Troas was an imdulating plain, traversed by the terminal branches ot" Ida running out in a north-western direction, and by the small rivers Satniois, Scamander, Simois, and Thymbrius. This plain gradually rises towards INIount Ida, and contained, at least in Inter times, several flourishing towns. In tlie Iliad we hear in- deed of several towns, and Achilles boasts (//. ix. 328) of having destroyed eleven in the territory of Troy; but they can at best only have been very small places, perhaps only open villages. That Ilium itself must have been far superior in strength and population is evident from the whole course of events ; it was protected by strong walls, and had its acropolis. [Iliuji.] The inhabitants of Troas, called Troes (Tpwes), and by Eoman prose- writei's Trojani or Teucri, were in all probability a Pelasgian race, and seem to Iiave consisted of two branches, one of which, the Teucri, had emigrated from Thrace, and become amalgamated with the Phrygian or native popula- tion of the country. Hence the Trojans are some- times called Teucri and sometimes Pliryges. (Herod. V. 122, vii. 43; Strab. i. p. 62, xiii. p. 604; Virg. Aen. i. 38, 24S, ii. 252, 571, &c.) The poet of the Iliad in several points treats the Trojans as inferior in civilisation to his own countrymen; but it is impossible to say whether in such cases lie describes the real state of things, or whe- ther he does so only from a natural partiality for liis own countrymen. According to the common legend, the kingdom of Troy was overturned at the capture and burning of Iliuin in B.C. 1184 ; but it is attested on pretty good authority that a 'J'rojan state survived the catastrophe of its chief city, and that the kingdom was finally destroyed by an invasion of Phrygians who crossed over from Europe into Asia. (Xanthus, ap. Strab. xiv. p. 680, xii. p. 572.) This fact is indirectly confirmed by the testimony of Homer himself, who makes Poseidon jiredict that the posterity of Aeneas should long continue to reign over the Trojans, after the race of Priam should be extinct. [L. S.j TROCHOEIDES LACUS. [Delos, p. 759, b.] TROCHUS. [Cenchreae, p. 584, a.] TROCJIADA (TpOKi-iaSa), a place of uncertain site in Galatia, which probably derived its name from the tribe of the Trocmi, is mentioned only by late Christian writers (Cmic. Chalced. pp. 125, 309, 663; Cone. Constant, iii. p. 672 ; Cone. Nicaen. ii. p. 355, where its name is Tp(5/fi'a5a ; Hierocl. p. 698, where it is miswritten 'PeysTj'aKaSTj.) [L. S.j TROCail [Galatia]. TROES. [Troas.] TROESA. [Tesa.] TROEZEN {Tpoi^iiv). a city in " Massilia of Italy,'' as Stephanus (s. v.") says, if his text is right; but perhaps he means to says '• a city of Miissilia in Italy." Eustathius {ad II. p. 287) says that it is in " Jlassaliotic Italy." Charax is Stephanus' authority. This brief notice adds one more to the list of Massaliotic settlements on the coast of the Medi- terranean ; but we know nothing of Troezen. [G. L.] TROEZEN (Tpoi^-^i' ; also Tpoi(r]vr], Ptol. iii. 16. § 12 : Eth. Tpoi^Tji'ios: the territory yrj Tpoi- Oli'ia, Eurip. Med. 683; v Tpoi^rtAs 77), Thuc. ii. 56), a city of Peloponnesus, whose territory formed the south-eastern corner of the district to which the name of Argolis was given at a later time. It stood at the distance of 15 stadia from the coast, in a fer- TROEZEN. tile plain, which is described below. (Strab. viii. p. 373.) Few cities of Peloponnesus boasted of so re- mote an antiquity ; and many of its legends are closely connected with those of Athens, and prove that its original population was of the Ionic race. According to the Troezenians themselves, their country was first called Oraea from the Egyptian Orus, and was next named Althepia from Alihepus, the son of Poseidon and Leis, who was the daughter of Orus. In the reign of this king, Poseidon and Athena contended, as at Athens, for tlie land of the Troezenians, but, through the mediation of Zeus, they became the joint guardians of the country. Hence, says Pausanias, a trident and the head of Athena are represented on the ancient coins of Troezen. (Comp. ]Iionnet, Sa/)/'?. iv. p. 267. § 1 89.) Althepus was succeeded by Saron, who built a tem- ple of the Saronian Artemis in a marshy place near the sea, which was hence called the Phoebaean marsh (4>oi§aia Ai'^i'r)), but was afterwards named Saronis, because Saron was buried in the ground belonging to the temple. The next kings mentioned are Hyperes and Anthas, who founded two cities, named Hypereia and Antheia. Aetius, the son of Hyperes, inherited the kingdom of his father and uncle, and called one of the cities Poseidonias. In his reign, Troezen and Pittheus, who are called the sons of Pelops, and may be regarded as Achaean princes, settled in the country, and divided the power with AL'tius. But the Pelopidae soon supplanted the earlier dynasty ; and on the dciith of Troezen, Pit- theus united the two Ionic settlements into one city, which he called Troezen after his brother. Pittheus was the grandfather of Theseus by his daughter Aethra; and the great national hero of the Athenians was born and educated at Troezen. The close con- nection between the two states is also intimated by the legend that two important demi of Attica, Anaphlystus and Sphettus, derived their names from two sons of Troezen. (Pans. ii. 30. §§ 5 — 9.) Be- sides the ancient names of Troezen already specified, Stephanus B. (s. v. Tpoi^tv) mentions Aphrodisias, Saronia, Poseidonias, Apollonias and Anthanis. Strabo likewise says (ix. p. 373) that Troezen was called Poseidonia from its being sacred to Poseidon. At the time of the Trojan War Troezen was sub- ject to Argos (Hom. II. ii. 561) ; and upon the con- quest of the Peloponnesus by the Dorians, it received a Dorian colony from Argos. (Paus. ii. 30. § 10.) The Dorian settlers appear to have been received on friendly terms by the ancient inhabitants, who con- tinued to form the majority of the population ; and although Troezen became a Doric city, it still re- tained its Ionic sympathies and traditions. At an early period Troezen was a powerful maritime state, as is shown by its founding the cities of Hali- carnassus and Myndus in Caria. (Paus. ii. 30. § 8 ; Herod, vii. 99 ; Strab. viii. p. 374.) The Troeze- nians also took part with the Achaeans in the founda- tion of Sybaris, but they were eventually driven out by the Achaeans. (Aristot. Pol. v. 3.) It lias been conjectured with much probability that the expelled Troezenians may liave been the chief founders of Poseidonia (Paestum), which Solinus calls a Doric colony, and to which they gave the ancient name of their own city in Peloponnesus. [Paestuji.] In the Persian War the Troezenians took an active part. After the battle of Thermopylae, the harbour of Troezen was appointed as the place of rendezvous for the Grecian ifeet (Herod, viii. 42) ; and when the Athenians were obliged to quit Attica upon the