Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1252

 1228 TREVIRL TREVIKI. riRKVEm.] TRIACONTASCHOENUS (TpiaKovTa<T:)(oivos, Ptol. iv. 7. § 32), a district so named by Ptolemy after the analogy of the Dodecaschoenu.s of Eeypt, and forming the most northern part of Aethiopia on tiie W. side of the Nile, between the cataracts of that river and the Aethiopian mountains. [T.H.D.] TPIIADITZA (TpidSnta- Nicet. Chon. iii. p. 214; Apostf Geoff. Huds. iv. p. 43), a town in Upper -Moesia, at the confluence of the sources of the Oescus, and the capital of the district called in late times Dacia Interior. It was situated in a fertile plain, and its site is identified with that of some extensive niins S. of Sophia. [J. R.] TRIBALLI (Tpi§aoi), a Thracian people which appears to have been in early times a very widely diffused and powerful race, about the Danube; but which, beinj; pressed upon from the N. and V. by various nations, became gradually more and more confined, and at length entirely disappeared from history. Herodotus speaks of the Triballic plain, through which flowed the river Angrus, which fell into the Brongus, a tributary of the Ister (iv. 49). I'iiis is probably the plain of Kossovo in the modern Servui. Thucydides states (ii. 96) that on the side of the Triballi, who were independent at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War, the territories of Sitalces were bounded by the '1 reres and Tilataei, whose W. limit was the river Oscius (Oescus), which must therefore, at that time, have been the E. frontier of the Triballi. (Cf. Plin. iii. 29, iv. 17; Strab. vii. pp. 317, 318.) Strabo(vii. p. 305) informs us that t'ne Triballi were much exposed to the inroads of migrating hordes driven out of their own countries by more powerful neighbours, some expelled by the Scythians, Bastarnae, and Sauromatae, from the N. side of the Danube, who either settled in the islands of that river, or crossed over into Thrace; others from the V., set in motion by the Illyrians. The earliest event recorded of them is tlie defeat which they gave to Sitalces, king of the Odrysae, who made an expedition against them, b. c. 424, in which he lost his life (Time. iv. 101). In B.C. 376 the Triballi crossed the Haenms, and with 30 000 men advanced as far S. as the territory of Abdera, which they ravaged without opposition. On their return, iiowever, loaded with booty, the people of Abdera took advantage of their careless and dis- orderly march, to attack them, killing upwards of 2000 men. The Triballi thereupon marched back to take revenge for tiiis loss ; and the Abderites, having been joined by some of the neighbouring Thracians, gave them battle; in the midst of which they were deserted by their treacherous allies arid, being surrounded, were slain almost to a man. The Triballi then prepared to lay siege to Abdera which would now have been quite unable to resist them for more than a very short time; but at this critical moment, Chabrias appeared beibre the town with the Athenian fleet, which had recently defeated the Lacedaemonian fleet at Naxos. Chabrias compelled the Triballi to retire from Abdera, and garrisoned the city when he departed. (Diod. xv. 36). In B.C. 339, Philip II., after raising the siege of Byzantium, marched to the Danube, where he defeated the Getae, and took much booty. On his return through the country of the Triballi, the latter posted themselves in a defile, and refused to allow the Macedonian army to pass, unless Philip gave to them a part of the plunder. A fierce battle ensued, in which Philip TRIBOCl. was severely wounded, and would have been slain, but for his son Alexander, who threw himself before his father, and thus saved his life. Tlie Triballi were at length defeated, and probably professed sub- mission to Philip, so long, at least, as he was in their country. On Alexander's accession to the throne, he thought it necessary to make his power felt by the barba- rians on the frontiers of his kingdom, before he quitted Europe for his great enterprise against the Persian empire. Accordingly, in the spring of B. c. 33.5, he marched from Amphipolis in a north- easterly direction, at the head of a large force. In ten days he reached the pass by which he intended to cross the Haemus, where a body of Thracians had assembled to oppose his progress. They were de- feated, and Alexander advanced against the Triballi, whose prince, Syrmus, having had timely information of Alexanders movements, had already withdrawn, with the old men, women, and children into an island of the Danube, called Pence, where many other Thra- cians also had sought refuge. The main force of the Triballi posted themselves in woody ground on the banks of the river Lyginus, about 3 day.s' march from the Danube. Having ventured out into the open plain, however, they were completely defeated by the Macedonians, with a loss of 3000 men. (Arrian, Anab. i. 2.) Alexander then marched to the Danube, opposite to Pence ; but he was unable to make himself mas- ter of that island, because he had few boats, and the enemy were strongly posted at the top of the stee]) sides of the island. Alexander therefore abandoned the attempt to take, it, and crossed the Danube to make war on the Getae. It would appear, however, that he had made sufficient impression on the Triballi to induce them to apply to him for peace, whicii he granted before his return to Macedonia. It was probably some time after these events that the Tri balli were attacked by the Autariatae, a powerful lilyrian tribe, who seem to h.ave completely subdued them, great numbers being killed, and the survivors driven f:rther towards the east. (Strab. vii. pp. 317, 318.) Hence, in b. c. 29.5, the Gauls, with only 15,000 foot and 3000 horse, defeated the combined forces of the Triballi and Getae (Just. xxv. 1.) When the Romans began to extend their dominion in the direction of the Danube, the Triballi were a small and weak people, dwelling about the confluence of the Oescus with the Danube, near the town Oescus (cf. Ptol. iii. 10. § 10, viii. 11. § 6). Pliny (vii. 2) states that, according to Isigoinis, there were people among the Triballi who fascinated by their look, and destroyed those whom they gazed upon too long, especially with angry eyes : adults were more liable to be injured by them than children. This is probably the same superstition as the mo- dern one respecting the " evil eye," which is pecu- liarly prevalent among the Slavonian racts. (Arrian, Anal), i. 1. § 4, 2. § 4, seqq., 3. § 3, seq., 4. § 6, V. 26. § 6, vii. 9. § 2 ; Steph. B. s.v.; Mannert, vii. § 2.5, seqq.] [J. R.J TRIBOCl or TRIBOCCI, a German people in Gallia. Schneider (Caesar, B. G. i. 51) h;is the form " Triboees " in the accusative plural. Pliny has Tribochi, and Strabo Tribocchi (TpigoKX"')- ^" the passage of Caesar (/?. G. iv. 10) it is said that all the MSS. have " Tribucorum" (Sclmeider, note). The Triboci were in the army of the German king Ariovistus in the great battle in which Caesar defeated him ; and though Caesar does not say that