Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1251

 TKETUM PROM. promontory of Numidia at the W. point of the Sinus Oleachites. (Strab. xvii. p. 829, 832.) It probably derived its name from the numerous caves in the dill's, which are still the lurkin;^ places of the piratical tribes of this coast. Now Sehba Ihis. [T. H. D.] TRETUM PROM. {Tp7]r6v,Stadiasm.%Z27),tiB NW. promontory of Crete now called Grabusa, the CoRYCUS of Ptolemy. [E. B. J.] TRETUS. [AiiGos, p. 201,b.] TREVA (TpTjoua), a town of the Saxones in north-western Germany (Ptol. ii. 11. § 27), which must have been situated somewhere on the Trave, but as no further details are known, it is impossible to fix its site with any dejjree of certainty. [L. S.] TKEVENTUM or TEREVENTUM (Eth. Tre- ventinas, Plin.; but inscriptions have Terventinas and Tereventinas: Tru'ento), a town of Samnium, in the country of the I'entri, situated on the right bank of the Trinius (Trigno), not far from the frontiers of the Frentani. Its name is not noticed in history, but Pliny mentions it among the muni- cipal towns of Samnium in his time: and we learn from the Liber Coloniarum that it received a Roman colony, apparently under the Triumvirate (Plin. iii. 14. s. 17; Lib. Colon, p. 238). It is there spoken (if as having been thrice besieged (" ager ejus . . . post tertiam obsidionem adsignatus est "), probably during the Social War and the civil wars that followed; but we have no other account of these sieges; and the name is not elsewhere mentioned. But from xisting remains, as well as inscriptions, it appears 10 have been a place of considerable importance, as ivell as of municipal rank. The modern Trivento, which is still the see of a bishop and the capital of the surrounding district, stands on a hill above the river Trigno, but the ruins of ancient buildings and I'ragments of masonry are scattered to a considerable extent through the valley below it. (Romanelli, vol. ii. p. 473.) The inscriptions which have been discovered there are given by Jlommsen {Inscr. R. N. pp. 269, 270). [E. H. B.] TREVERI or TREVIRI (TpTjompoi, Tpig-ripoi, Ptol.). There is authority for both forms of the name. The position of the Treviri is determined by several passages of Caesar. The Treviri bordered on the Rhine (B. GA'u. 1 1, iv. 10), and south of them along the Rhine were the Triboci or Tribocci. The Arduenna Silva extended through the middle of the territory of the Treviri from the Rhine to the com- mencement of the territory of the Remi (B. G. v. 3). The Treviri were separated from the Germans by the Ehine (£. G.vW. 63, viii. 25); theUbii were their neighbours on the opposite side of the Rhine (5. G. vi. 29,35). In Caesar's time the Treviri differed little from the Germans in their way of living and tlicir sa- vage temper. Tacitus remarks (rfe Mor. Germ. c. 28) that the Treviri and Nervii affected a Germanic origin, and it is probable that the Treviri were mixed with Germans, but Caesar supiposed them to be a Gallic people. Mela (iii. 2) calls them the most renowned of the Belgae. When Hieronymus speaks of the resemblance between the language of the Galatae of Asia and of the Treviri, he means to say that the Treviri are Galli [Galatia, Vol. I. p. 931]. Strabo (iv. p. 194) speaks of the Nervii as being German. He says: "The Nervii are neighbours of the Treviri, and they (the Nervii) are also a German people;" which remark about the Nervii being also GeiTnan does not refer to the Treviri, but to the Tri- boci, whom he had just spoken of as a German nation which had settled on the Gallic side of the Rhine. TREVIDON. 1227 It seems impossible to determine whether Caesar includes the Treviri among the Belgae or theCeltae. Some geogr.iphers include them in the Gallia of Cae.sar in the limited sense, that is, in the country of the Celtae, which lay betwecTi the Garonne and the Seine, and between the Ocean and the Rhine. If this determination is correct, the Jlediomatrici also of com so belong to Caesar's GaUia in the limited sense. [Mediomatkici.] ^ The Treviri are often mentioned by Caesar, for they had a strong body of cavalry and infantry, and often gave him trouble. From one passage {B. G. vi. 32) it appears that the Segni and Condrusi, German settlers in Gallia, were between the Treviri and the Eburones ; and the Condrusi and Eburones were dependents ( f the Treviri {B. G. iv. 6). Cae.sar constructed his bridges over the Rliirjoin the territory of the Treviri {B. G. vi. 9); and Strabo speaks of a bridge over the Rhine in the territory of the Treviri. It appears then that the Treviri occupied a large tract of country between the Mosa {Maas) and the Rhine, which country was inter-secled by the lower course of the Mosella (iVfwc/), for Augusta Trevi- rorum (Trier), on the Mosella, was the chief town of the Treviri in the Roman iniprial period and probably a town of the Treviri in Caesar's time. It is not possible to fix the ex;ict limits of the Treviri on the Rhine, either to the north or the south. When the Gern)ans were settled on the west side of the Rhine by Agripjia and after his time, the Treviri lo.st part of their territory; and some modern writers maintain that they lost all their country on the Rhine, a conclusion derived from a passage if Pliny (iv. c. 17), but a conclusion by no means certain. Another passage of Pliny, cited by Sueto- nius {Calig. c. 8), says that Caligula was born " in Treveris, vico Ambiatino, supra Confiuentes," and this passage places the Treviri on the Rhine. Ptolemy m his geography gives the Treviri no place on the Rhine: be assigns the land on the west bank of the river to the Germania In- ferior and Germania Superior. The bishojiric of Trier used to extend from the Maas to the Rliine, and along the Rhine from the Ahr below Anderiiac/i as far south as Biiigen. The limits of the old country of the Treviri and of the diocese may have been the same, for we find many examjiles of this coincidence in the geography of Gallia. The rugged valley of the A/ir would be a natural boundary of the Treviri on the north. Tacitus gives the Treviri the name of Socii(.i4n». i. 63); and in his time, and probably before, they had what the Romans called a Curia or senate. The name of the Treviri often ajipears in the history of the war with Civilis (Tacit. JJi.st. iv.). The Trt- viri under the Empire were in that part of Gallia which was named Belgica, and their city Augusta Trevi- romm was the chief pbice, and under the later emperors frequently an imperial residence. [Au- Gl'.STA I'ni-.VIKOHUM.] [G. L.] 'J'RKVIDON, a jilace in G.allia, mentior.ed l)y Si- doniusApollinaris {I'ropempt.), the iiosition ofwliiih is p;irtly determined by the fact of the poet fixing Trevidon in the mountainous region of Central France, and partly by the existence of a place n:uned Tr)-i:e on the bounilary of the old prorinrc iif lionergne, and on a little river named Trrrr.tcl. The mounlain in which the Trevcsel rises (Am- j)erou) is the " Vicinum nimis heu I jugum Kutcnis " ofSidonius. [Ritk.ni.] [G.L.J