Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1250

 1226 TRERUS. tliat Sardes was taken several times ; first by the Cimmerians ; then by the Treres and Lycians, as Callinus also shows; lastly in the time of Cyrus and Croesus." (Id. xiii. p. 627). " In olden times, it betel the Magnetes [the people of JIagnesia on the Maeander] to be utterly destroyed by the Treres, a Cimmerian tribe." (Id. xiv. p. 647 ; see also xi. p. 511, sii. p. 573; Clmmerii, Vol. I. p. 623, seq.; IMuiler, Hkt Lit. Anc. Greece, pp. 108, 109; and cf. Herod, i. 6, 15, 16, 103.) Various attempts have been made to fix the dates of these events ; but the means of doins; so appear to be wanting, and hence scholars have arrived at very different conclusions on the subject. Strabo infers from some expressions of Callinus that the destruction of Sardes preceded that of Magnesia, which latter occurred, he considers, after the time of that poet, and during the age of Archilochus, who alludes to it. Thucydides (ii. 96) states that the kingdom of Sitalces was bounded on the side next to the Triballi by the Treres and Tilataei, who dwelt on the northern slope of Mount Scombrus (Scomius), and extended towards the W. as far as the river Oscius (Oescus). Whether this relative clause applies to the Treres as well as to the Tilataei is doubtful ; but the col- location of the words seems to confine it to the latter. Strabo (i. p. 59) speaks of the Treres as dwelling with the Thracians ; and says that the Treres, who were Thracians, possessed a part of the Troad after the time of Priam (xiii. p. 586). Pliny does not mention the Treres as a Thracian people ; but in the description of Macedonia (iv. 10. s. 17), says that they, with the Dardani and Pieres, dwelt on its borders ; it is not clear, however, which borders are meant. (Cf. Theopom. Fraff. 313, where they are called TpSpes; and Steph. B. p. 664, wiiere also a district of Thrace inhabited by them is named Tprjpos.) It is possible that these Thracian Treres were the descendants of a body of the Cimmerian Treres, left N. of the Haemus when the main body advanced to Asia Minor ; for there can be little doubt that Nie- buhr's view respecting the course of their inroads is correct. " The general opinion, which is presupposed in Herodotus also, is that the Cimmerians invaded Asia Minor from the E., along the coasts of the Euxine. But it would seem that, on the contrary, they came through Thrace, for they make their first appearance in Ionia and Lydia. The former road is almost entirely impassable for a nomadic people, as the Caucasus extends to the very shores of the Euxine." (^Lect. Anc. Hist. i. p. 32, note.) In confirmation of the conjecture above made, we may refer to the parallel case mentioned by Caesar {B. G. ii. 29), that the Aduatuci, a Belgian tribe, were the descendants of the 6000 men whom the Cimbri and Teutoni, on their march towards Italy, left behind them W. of the Rhine, to guard that part of their property which they were unable to take with them any farther. [J. R.] TREHUS {TpTjpos, Strab. : Sacco), a river of La- tium, and one of the principal tributaries of the Liris (^GarirjUano), into which it discharges its waters close to the ruins of Fabrateria. (Strab. v. p. 237.) Its name is mentioned only by Strabo, but there is no doubt of its identification: it is still called the tion in adopting Kramer's emendation of 'S.kvOikoiv for Kifififpiuiy. TRETUM. Tolero in the lower part of its course, near its junc- tion with the GarigUcmo, but more commonly known as the Sacco. It has its sources in the elevated plain which separates the mountains about Prae- neste from theVolscian group; and the broad valley through which it flows for above 40 miles before it joins the Garigliano must always have formed a remarkable feature in this part of Italy. Through- out its extent it separates the main or central ranges of the Apennines from the outlying ma.ss of the Monti Lepini or Volscian mountains, and hence it must, from an early period, have constituted one of the natural lines of communication between the plains of Latium proper (the modern Campngna di Roma) and those of Campania. After the whole district had fallen under the power of Rome it was the line followed by the great highroad called the Via Latina. [Vi.v Latina.] [E. H. B.] TRES ARBORES, the Three Trees, was a Mu- tatio or relay for horses mentioned in the Jerusalem Itin. between Vasatae and Elusa (^Juaise). The site is unknown. [G. L.] TRES TABERNAE, was the name of a station on the Via Appia, between Aricia and Forum Appii, which is noticed not only in the Itineraries {Itin. Ant. p. 107; Tab. Peut), but by Cicero and in the Acts of the Apostles. From the former we learn that a brancii road from Antium joined the Appian Way at this point (Cic. ad Att. ii. 12) ; while in the latter it is mentioned as the place where many of the disciples met St. Paul on his journey to Rome. {Acts, sxviii. 15.) It was probably therefore a village or place of some impor- tance from the traffic on the Appian Way. Its position would appear to be clearly determined by the Antonine Itinerary, which gives 17 miles from Aricia to Tres Tabernae, and 10 from thence to Forum Appii : and it is a strong confirmation of the accuracy of these data that the distance thus obtained from Forum Appii to Rome corresponds exactly with the true distance of that place, as marked by ruins and ancient milestones. It is therefore wholly unnecessary to change the distances in the Itinerary, as proposed by D'Anville and Chaupy, and we may safely fix Tres Tabernae at a spot about 3 miles from the modern Cisterna, on the road to Terracina, and very near the com- mencement of the Pontine Marshes. The Abbe Chaupy himself points out the existence of ancient remains on this spot, which he supposes to be those of the station Ad Sponsas mentioned only in the Jerusalem Itinerary. It is far more likely that they are those of Tres Tabernae; if indeed the two stations be not identical, which is very probable. This situation would also certainly accord better than that proposed by Chaupy with the mention of Tres Tabernae in Cicero, who there joined the Appian Way on his road from Antium to his Formi.an villa, not to Rome. (Cic. ad Att. ii. 12, 13, 14; Chaupy, Maison d Horace, vol. iii. p. 383; D'Anville, Analyse de V Italic, p. 195; Westphal, liom. Kampa(/ne, p. 69.) [E. H. B.] TRES TABERNAE, in Gaul. [Tabernae.] TRETA (TprjTo, Strab. xiv. p. 683), in Cyprus, called Tp'iTot in the Stadiasmns Mari^ Magni (p. 285, ed. Hoffmann), where it is placed 50 stadia from Palaepaphus or Old Paphus, was apparently a promontory in the SW. of the i.sland, and probably the same as the one called ^povpiov by Ptolemy (v. 14. § 2). TKETUM (Tpinou anpov, Ptol. iv. 3. § 3), a