Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1247

 TRAUSI. de Dk. ii. 8; Eutrop. iii. 9; Flor. ii. 6. § 13; Oros. iv. 15; Val. Max. i. 6. § 6 ; Sii. Ital. i. 49, v. 1, &c. ; Ovid, Fast. vi. 770 ; Stnib. v. p. 220.) Tiie lake is now commonly known as the Larjo (Ji Perugia, though frequently called on maps and in guide-books the Lago Trasimeno. [E. H. B.] TliAUSI {Tpav(Toi, Herod, v. 3, 4 ; Thrausi, Liv. xxxviii. 41), a Thracian people, who appear, in later times at least, to have occupied the SE. off- shoots of Mount Khodope, to the W. of the Hebrus, and about Tempyra. Herodotus tells us that the Trails! entertained peculiar notions respecting human life, which were manifested in appropriate customs. When a child was horn, his kinsfolk, sitting around him, bewailed his lot in having to encounter the miseries of mortal existence ; whereas when any one died, they buried him with mirth and rejoicing, de- claring him to have been freed from great evils, and to be now in perfect bliss.* As to the Thraubi spoken of by Livy, see Tem- pyra. Suidas and Hesychius (s. «.) mention a Scythian tribe called the Trausi, who, according to Steph. B. (s. JJ.), were the same people as the Agathyrsi. The last-named author speaks of a Celtic race also, bear- ing this appellation. On this shght foundation the strange theory has been built that the Thracian Trausi were the original stock of the Celts ; and by way of supporting this notion, its propounders ar- bitrarily read Tpauaol instead of Upavaoi in Strabo, iv. p. 187, where Strabo expressly says that he was unable to state what was the original abode of the Prausi : had he been writing about the Thracian Trausi we may safely assume that no such ignorance would have been acknowledged. (Cf. Ukert, ii. 2. § 230.) [J. Ii.] TRAVUS (Tpavos, Herod, vii. 109), a small river in the S. of Thrace, which falls into the Aifivri 'Biarovis, a shallow ae.stuary penetrating far into the land, NE of Abdera. The Travus is the principal outlet for the drainage of that part of southern Thrace which is included between the Nestus and the Hebrus. [J. R.] TKEBA or TRE'BIA. 1. (Eth. Trebias, atis: Trevi), a municipal town of Umbria, situated at the western foot of the Apennines, between Fulginium and the sources of the Clitumnus, about 4 miTes from the latter. It is mentioned by Pliny among the muni- cipal cities of Umbria, and its name is found in an inscription among the " xv Popnli Unibriae:" in both these authorities the name of the people is written Trebiates. The Jerusalem Itinerary, which places it on the Via Flaminia, 4 miles from Sacraria (at the sources of the Clitumnus) and 5 from Ful- ginium, writes the name Trevis, thus approximating closely to the modern name of Trevi. The modern town is still a considerable place standing on a hill which rises abruptly from the valley of the Clitum- nus. (Plin. iii. 14. s. 19; Jtin. Hier. p. 613; Orell. Imcr. 98). 2. {Tp7i§a, Pto}.: /i7/j. Trebanus : Trevi), a city of Latium. in the upper valley of the Anio, about 5 miles from the sources of that river and 10 above Siibiaco. It is mentioned both by Pliny and Pto- lemy, as well as by Frontinus, who calls it Treba Augusta (PHn. iii. 5. s. 9; Ptol. iii. 1. § 62; Fron- TREBIA. 1223 following passage (ii. 2) : " Lugentur apud quosdani puerperia, natique deilentur: funera contra festa sunt, et veluti sacra, cantu lusuque celebrautur." tin. de Aquaed. 93); and in an inscription, which proves it to have been a town of municipal rank under the Roman Empire. (Orell. Imcr. 41ol.) But its nan^.e is not mentioned in history, and it was apparently never a place of importance, for which its secluded position is alone sufficient to ac- count. The ancient name and siie are retained by the modern village of Trevi, a poor place, surrounded on all sides by lofty mountains. [E. H. B.l TRE'BIA (6 Tpegms: Trthbia), a consideruble river of Gallia Cispadana, falling into the Padus about 2 miles W. of Placentia. From its prnxiijiity to the latter city Pliny designates it as " Trebias Placentinus." (Plin. iii. 16. s. 20; Strab. v. p. 217.) It has its sources in the Ligurian Apennines near Muntebruno, and has a course of above 50 miles from thence to the Po. Tiirougliout the greater part of this course it flows through a mountain valley, passing under the walls of Bohhio (celebrated in the middle ages for its convent, from which some of the most valuable JISS. of ancient authors have been derived), and does not emerge from the hills which form the underfalls of the Aj)ennines till within about 12 miles of its mouth. For the re- mainder of its course it flows through the fertile jjlain of the Padus, and crosses the Via Aemilia about 3 miles W. of Placentia. It appears probable that the Trebia was fixed by Augustus as the western limit of the Eighth Region, and continued from that ]jeriiid to be regarded as the limit of Gallia Cispadana to- wards Liguria. This is not distinctly stated, but may probably be inferred from the circumstance that Placentia was situated in the Eighth Region, while Iria {Voghera), the next town to the W., was certainly in Liguria. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 7, 15. s. 20.) Like most of the rivers which flow from the Apennines, the Trebia varies very much according to the season: in summer it is but a scanty stream, winding through a broad bed of stones, but in winter and after heavy rains it becomes a formidable torrent. The chief celebrity of the Trebia is derived from tlio battle which was fought on its banks in u. c. 218 between Hannibal and the Roman consul Sempronius, and which wa.s the first of the decisive vi('tories ob- tained by the Carthaginian general. Unfortunately the movements which preceded and led to this battle, and the exact siie on which it occurred, are very difficult to determine. Scijiio after his defeat on the Ticinus had recrossed the Padus and with- drawn to Placentia, where the presence of a Ruman colony afforded him a secure stronghold. Hannibal on the other hand effected his passage of the Padus higher up, above its junction with the Ticinus, and then advanced along the right bank of the river, till he approached Placciitia, and established his camp within 5 miles of that of Siipio. (Pol. iij. 60.) The defection of the Boian Gauls having soon alter given the alarm to Scijuo, he broke uj) his camp and withdrew "to the hills that bordered the river Trebia." {lb. 67.) In this movement, it is clear, from what we are told iuimrdiatcly jiflerwards that, he crossed the river Trebia {lb. 68): his furmer camp therefore, though in the ncighbourhoo<l of Placentia, must have been on the . side of ihf Trebia. In this new jKwilion, which was one of considerable natural strength {lb 67), Scipioawaiieii the arrival of Sempronius with his army, who was advancing from Ariniinum, and succei-ded in efTecting a junction with his colleague, without opjiosition from llamiibal. {lb. 68.) The attenlion of the Carthaginian general bud bccu ajqiarentlv drawn oil' 4 1 4
 * Mela has followed Herodotus very closely in the