Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1245

 TEANSJIARISCA. p. 26, and Suppt. i. pp. 19, 45; Sestini, p. 90; Florez, Esp. Stvjr. x. p. 50; Mem. de I'Acad. des Inscr. xxx! p. 103.) [T- H. D.] TRANSJIARISCA {Tpo}xapi(TKa, Ptol. iii. 10. § 11 ; TpaixapiffKas and Tpaa/xapiKa, Procop.rfe Aed. iv. 7. p. 292; Stamarisca, Geogr. Rav. iv. 7), a strong fortress of Lower Moesia, opposite to the spot where the Mariscus flows into the Danube. It was the head-quarters of two cohorts of the Legio XI. Claudia, and also of some light-armed troops. (flin. Ant. p. 223; Not. Imp.; Tab. Pent). Now Turtnhai, Tutnrkai. or Toterkan. [T. H. P.] TRANSMONTA'XI {TpamixovTavoi, Ptol. iii. 5. § 21), the name of a tribe in European Sarmatia dwelling between the sources of the Borysthenes and the Peucinian mountains. [T. H. D. ] TRAPEZO'POLIS (TpaTre^oTroAis or Tpa-Ki^oii- TroAis; FAh. Trapezopolitae), a town situated, accord- ing to Ptolemy (ii. 2. § 18), in Caria,but according to Socrates {Hist. Eccles. vii. 36) and llierocles (p. 665), in Phrygia. The former is the more correct statement, for the town stood on the southern slope nf Mount Cadmus, to the south-east of Antiochia, and, according to the Notitia Imperii, afterwards lii'longed to the province of Pacatiana. It is possible ihat the ruins which Arundell {Discoveries, ii. p. i4^7) found at Kesiljah-boiduk may be those of iVapezopolis. [L. S.] TRA'PEZUS (Tpawe(ovs : Eth.Tpawe(owTios: 1 iw Tarabnsan or Trebizond), an important city on I lie coast of Pontns, on the slope of a hill, 60 stadia ill the east of Hermonassa, in the territory of the Alacrones (Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 1 3), was a colony founded by the Sinopians. who formed many esta- blishments on this coast. (Xenoph. Anab. iv. 8. §22; Arrian, Pei-ipl. P. E. pp. I, 3, 6 ; Scylas, p. 33.) It derived its name probably from its form, being situ- ated on an elevated platform, as it were a table above the sea ; though the town of Trapezus in Arcadia pretended to be the mother-city of Traj)ezus in Pon- tus (Paus. viii. 27. § 4). Trapezus was already a flourishing town when Xenophon arrived there on his memorable retreat; and he and liis men were most hospitably treated by the Trapezuntians. (Xen. Anab. v. 5. § 10.) At that time the Colchians were still in possession of the territory, but it after- wards was occupied by the Macrones. The real great- ness of Trapezus, however, seems to have commenced under the dominion of the Romans. Pliny (vi. 4) calls it a free city, a distinction which it had pro- bably obtained from Pompey during his war against Mithridates. In the reign of Hadrian, when Arrian visited it, it was the most important city on the south coast of the Euxine, and Trajan had before made it the capital of Pontns Cappadocicus, and provided it with a larger and better harbour. (Arrian, Peripl. P. E. p. 17; comp. Tae. Ann. xiii. 39, Hist. iii. 47; Pomp. iMela, i. 19; Strab. vii. pp.309, 320, xi. ]). 499, xii. p. 548; Steph. B. s. v.) Henceforth it w.-is a strongly fortiiied commercial town; and al- though in the reign of Gallienus it was sacked and burnt by tiie Goths (Zosim. i. 33; Eustath. ad /'ion. Per. 687), it continued to be in such excel- lent condition, that in the reign of Justinian it re- ipiired but few repairs. (Procop. de Aed. iii. 7.) From the Notitia Imperii (c. 27) we learn that Trapezus was the station of the first Pontian legion and its stall'. Some centuries later a branch of the imperial hcnise of the Comneni declared themselves independent of the Greek Empire, and made Tra- pezus the seat of their principality. This small TRASniENUS LACfS. 1221 principality maintained its independence even for some time after the fall of Constantinople ; but being too weak to resist the overwhelming power of the Turks, it was obliged, in a. d. 1460, to submit to Mohammed II., and has ever since that time been a Turkish town. (Chalcond. ix. p. 263, foil.; Due. 45; comp. Gibbon, Decline, c. xlviii. foil.) The port of Trapezus, called Daphnus, was fonned hv the acropolis, which w:»s built on a rock running out into the sea. (Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 13.) The city of Trebizond is still one of the most flourishing commercial cities of Asia Minor, but it contains no ancient remains of any interest, as most of them belong to the period of the Lower Empire. (Tourne- fort, Voyar/e au Levant, iii., lettre 17, p. 79, foil.; Fontanier, Voyages dans V Orient, p. 17 — 23; Hamilton's Researches, i. p. 240.) The coins of Trapezus all belong to the imperial period, and ex- tend from the reign of Trajan to that of Philip. (Eckhel, i. 2. p. 358 ; Sestini, p. 60.) [L. S.] TEA'PEZU'S {TpaiTi^ms, -ovvros: Eth. Tpaire- fowTio?), a town of Arcadia in the district Parrhasia, a little to the left of the river Alpheius, is said to have derived its name from its founder Trapezeus, the son of Lycaon, or from irapeza (rpdire^a), '• a table," because Zeus here overturned the table on which Lycaon offered him human food. (Paus. viii. 3. §§ 2,3; Apollod. iii. 8. § 1.) It was the royal residence of Hippothons, who transferred the seat of govern- ment from Tegea to Trapezus. On the foundation of Megalopolis, in B.C. 371, the inhabitants of Tra- pezus refused to remove to the new city ; and having thus inourred the anger of the other Arcadians, they quitted Peloponnesus, and took refnge in Trapezus on the Pontns Euxeinus, where they were received as a kindred peo}ile. The statues of some of their gods were removed to Megalopolis, where they were seen by Pausanias. Trapezus stood above the mo- dern Mavria. (Paus. viii. 5. § 4, 27. §§ 4 — G, viii. 29. § 1, 31. §5; Ilerod. vi. 127; Steph. B. s. r. ; Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 292 ; Ross, Jiei^en im Peloponncs, vol. i. p. 90.) TRAPEZUS MONS. [TaiiiucaCiikrsonesus.] TRA'RIUM (Tpdpiov), a town of Jlysia, men- tioned by Strabo in conjunction with Perperena (xiii. p. 607.) Tzetzes (ad Jjjcophr. 1141, 1159) men- tions a mountain named Trarn(Tpapc'a or Tpaavufva Xif-i-vr), Strab.; ?; Tap(np.4v7) Ki/xin^, Pol.: Larjo di Periif/in), one of the most extensive and important of the lakes of Etruria, .situated between Cortona and Perusia. It is the largest of all the lakes of Etruria, l)eing above 10 miles in length by 8 in breadth: and differs from all the other con- siderable lakes of that country in not l>eing of volcanic origin. It is merely formed in u depressed biusin, surrounded on all sides by bills of moderate elevation, and having no natural outlet. Tiie hills on the N. side of the lake, which extend from Crotona to Perusia, arc considerably more cleviiicd than those that form the otiier sides of the biisin, but even these scarcely rise to the dignity of moun- tains. The lake il.self is of .small dejiih, nowlierp exceeding 30 feet, and its banks arc almost every- where low, flat, and covered with reeiis. No coii- MSS. of Latin writers: therc is no g(KHl ancient authority for the orthograjihy of TiiitA.siMKNUs or TiiuASY.Mii.NUS, so generally adopted by modern writers. 4i 3
 * This is the form universally found in the best