Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1238

 1214 TMAIUJS. city of Lycia. It is not often mentioned by ancient writers, but we know from ArtemiJorus (op. St}-ah. xiv. p. 665) that it was one of the six cities form- ing the Lyiian confederacy. Strabo only remarks further that it was situated on the road to Cibyra. (Comp. Plin. v. 28; Ptol. v. 3. § 5; Steph. B. s. v.; Hierocl. p. 659.) Until recently the site of this town was unknown, though D'Anville had correctly conjectured that it ought to be looked for in the val- ley of the Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows was the first mo- dern traveller who saw and described its beautiful remains, the identity of which is established beyond a doubt by in.scriptions. These ruins exist in the upper valley of the Xanthus, at a little distance from its eastern bank, almost due north of the city of Xanthus, and about 5 miles from the village of Dnover, They are, says Sir Charles, very extensive, consisting of extremely massive buildings, suited only for palaces; the design appears to be Roman, but not the mode of building nor the inscriptions. The original city must have been demolished in very early times, and the finely wrought fragments are now seen built into the strong walls, which have fortified the town raised upon its ruins. The thea- tre was large, and the most highly and expensively finished that he had seen; the seats not only are of marble, but the marble is highly wrought and has been polished, and each seat has an overhanging cornice often supported by lions' paws. There are also ruins of several otlier extensive buildings with columns; but the most striking feature in the place is the perfect honeycomb formed in the sides of the acropolis by excavated tombs, which are cut out of the rock with architectural ornaments, in the form of tiiangles, &c., some showing considerable taste. (Fellows, Asia Minor, p. 237, foil., Lycia, p. 132, toll., where some of the remains are figured and a number of inscriptions given.) [L. S.] TMAliUS. [DoDONA, p. 783, b.] TMOLUS (T,ua>os), a mountain nange on the south of Sardes, forming the watershed between the basins of the Hermus in the north and the Cayster in the south, and being connected in the east with IMount Messogis. It was said to have received its name from a Lydian king Timolus, whence Ovid (Met. vi. 16) gives this name to the mountain it- self. Mount Tmolus was celebrated for the ex- cellent wine growing on its slopes (Virg. Georg. ii. 97; Seiwc. Pfioen. 602; Eurip. Bacch. 55, CA; Stnib. xiv. p. 637 ; Plin. v. 30). It was equally rich in metals ; and the river Pactolus, which had its source in Mount Tmolus, at one time carried from its in- terior a rich supply of gold. (Strab. xiii. pp. 591, 610, 625; Plin. xxxiii. 43; comp. Horn. Jl. ii. 373; Aesch. Pers. 50; Herod, i. 84, 93, v. 101 ; Ptol. v. 2. § 13; Dion. Per. 831.) On the highest smnniit of Mount Tmolus, the Persians erected a marble watch-tower commanding a view of the whole of the surrounding country (Strab. xiii. p. 625). The Turks now call the mountain Bous Dagh. (Kichter, Wall- /aAWew, pp. 512, 519.) [L. S] TMOLUS, a town of Lydia, situ.ated on Mount Tmolus, which was destroyed during the great eartiiquake in A. D. 19. (Tac. Ann. ii. 47 ; Plin. v. 30; Euseb. Chron. ad Ann. V. Tib- Niceph. Call, i. 17.) Some coins are extant with the inscription TfttDAeiTO)!'. (Sestini, p. 114.) [ L. S.] TO'BIUS (T6gios or TovSios, Ptol. ii. 3. § 5), a river on the western coast of Britannia Romana, now the Towy. [T. U. I).] TOCAE (TujK-ai), a very large city of Nuniidia, TOLENUS. mentioned only by Diodorus (xx. 57), is perhaps the same as TrccA. TOCHARI (Toxapoi, Ptol. vi. 11. § 6), a power- ful Scythian people in Bactriana, which also .spread itself to the E. of the Jasartes over a portion of Sogdiana, and even as far as the borders of Serica. (Plin. vi. 17. s. 20; Amm. Marc, xxiii. 6. § 57.) [T. H. D.] TOCOLOSIDA (ToKoAoaiSa, Ptol. iv. 1. § 14), the most southern place in the Roman possession in Mauretania Tingitana. (/tin. Ant. -p. 23) Variously identified with Maf/iUa, Foriin near Sidi C'asseni, and Mergo or Amergo. [T. H. D.] TOCOSANNA {VoKoaAwa, Ptol. vii. 2. § 2), a river which falls into the Bay of Bengal at its NE. end. It is probably that now called the river of Arracan, which is formed by the junction near its mouth of three other rivers. (Lassen, Maj) of Anc. India.) [V]. TODUC AE (ToSoy/cai, also AovKai or TohovKcovis, Ptol. iv. 2. § 21), a people in Mauretania Caesarien- sis, on the left bank of tlie Ampsaga. [T. II. D.] TOE'SOBIS (ToiVogis, Ptol. ii. 3. § 2), a river on the western coast of Britannia Roniana, now the Conway. [T. H. D.] TOGARMAH. [Armenia.] TOGISONUS (^Bacchiglione), a river of Venetia, mentinned only by Pliny, who describes it as flowing through the territory of Patavium, and contributing a part of its waters to the artificial canals called the Fossiones Philistinae, as well as to form the port of Brundulus (Plin. iii. 16. s. 20.) The rivers in this part of Italy have changed their course so frequently that it is very difficult to iden- tify them : but the most probable conjecture is that the Togisonus of Pliny is the modern Bacchiglione, one arm of which still flows into the sea near the Porto di Brondolo, while the other joins the Brenia (Medoacus) under the walls of Padoua (Patavium). [E. II. B.] TOLBIACUM, in North Gallia, on the road from Augusta Trevirorum (Trier) to Colonia Agrippina (Cologne). The distance of Tolbiacum from Co- lonia is xvi. in the Antonine Itin. Tolbiacum is Ziilpich, south-west oi Bonn, on the direct road from Trier to Cologne. The words " vicus supernorum " or " vicus supenorum," which occur in the MSS. of the Itin. after the name " Tolbiaco," have not been explained. Several writers have proposed to alter them. Tacitus (Uist. iv. 79) places Tolbiacum within the limits of the territory of the Agrippi- nenses or the Colonia Agrippina. [G. L.] TOLENTl'XUM or' TOLLENTrXUM (Kth. Tolentinas, atis: Tolentino), a town of Picenum, in the valley of the Flusor or Chienti, about 12 miles below Camerinum (Cnmerino). It is mentioned by Pliny among the municipal towns of Picenum, and its nmnicipal rank is attested by the Liber Coloni- arum, which mentions the " ager Tdentinus," and by inscriptions. (Plin. iii. 13. s. 18; Lib. Col. pp. 226,259; Orell. /»««-. 2474; Gruter, Inscr. pp. 194. 2, 410. 2.) The modern city of Tolentino, which retains the ancient site as well as name, is situated on the present highroad from Rome to Ancona ; but as no ancient road descended the valley of the Flusor, the name is not found in the Itineraries. [E. H. B.] TOLE'NUS (r«/rnno), a river of Central Italy, which rises in the mountains between Carseoli and the lake Fucinus, flows within a short distance of the walls of the former city, and falls into the Veli- nus a few miles below Reata It.s name is men-