Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1235

 TINIA. (Dion Cass, xlviii. 45), and in the time of Clau- dius became a Ivoman colony (Piin. /. c; It'm. Ant. 8, 12) and the capital of the province of Tingitana. It was also a place of considerable trade. Kow Tawjier. fT. H. D.] 'ITNIA (Tfvias: Timta), a small river of Um- liria, fallin<; into the Tiber, a few miles below I'erusia. The name is given by the ancient geosrra- j]liers to the affluent of the Tiber (one of the first tributarie.s which that river receives), but at the present day the stream called the Timia loses its name after its junction with the Topiiio, a more considerable stream. Four small rivers indeed bring down their united waters to the Tiber at this point : 1, the Marugyia, which rises between Todi and Spolelo, and brings with it the waters of the Cli- (mi.no, the ancient Clitumnus; 2, the Timia, which joins the Clitumnus near Mevania {Be- vagmi); 3, the Tvpinu, which descends from the Apennines near Nocti-a, and turns abruptly to the NW., after receiving the waters of the Timia; and 4, the Chiascio, which joins the Topiiio from the N. only 3 miles from the point where it falls inta the Tiber. Though thus augmented from various ijuarters the Tinia was always an inconsiderable .stream. Pliny speaks of it as navigable with difficulty even for boats, and Silius Italicus calls it " Tiniae inglorius humor." (SiL Ital. viii. 4.52; I'lin. iii. 5. s. 9; Strab. v. p. 227.) [E. H. B.] TINXE'TIO, a place in Rhaetia, mentioned only in the Antonine Itinerary (p. 2v 7), but .still retaining its ancient name in the form of Tinzen. [L. S.] TIXU'RTIUM, in Gallia, is placed in the Itins. near the Sonne, between Cabillonum (^Challon) and IMatisco (J/acora). The Antonine Itin. marks M.I', xxi., leucas xiiii. between Cabillonum and Tinur- tium, which is Tournus. The Table gives only xii., which appears to be nearer the truth. The two Itins. do not agree in the distance between Tinurtium and JIatisco. Spartianus (^Vita Septim. Severi, c. 11) says that Severus defeated Clodius Albinus at Tinurtium, or Trinurtium, for the reading is [icrliaps doubtful. (Is. Casaubon, in Aelium Spar- tiaiiuin notae). Dion (ixxv. c. 6), Herodian (iii. 7), and Eutropius (viii. 18) speak of Clodius Albinus being defeated by Severus at or near Lugdunum (^Lyon). The name Tinurtium appears to be some- times iniswritten Tibnrtium. [G. L.] 'J'lOKA MATIENA. [AiioiiiGiNES.] Tll'AIiENU.S, an island ort' the coast of Her- iiiionis in Argolis, mentioned only by Pliny (iv. 12. K. 19). It is frequently identified with Spelzia ; but Leake remarks that Tiparenus has no appearance of a Greek name, and conjectures that it is an error for Tiicarenus, the same as the Tricrana of Pau- sanias (ii. 34. § 8) and the modern Trikhiri. (Leake, Morea,i). ii. p. 465; Koss, Wanderunyen in Griechenland, vol. ii. p. 21). TIPASA (TiVafro, Ptol. iv. 2. § 5). 1. A town in ]Iauretania Caesarien.sis, endowed with the jus Latii by the emperor Claudius (Plin. v s. 1) and subse- ipicntly a Roman colony (^Itin. Ant. p. 15). It lay between Icosium and Caesarca (/6.). Procopius (/y. V, ii. 10) mentions two columns nearTijiasa in the SE. of Mauretania, which had on them the fol- lowing inscription in the Phoenician language: " We are fugitives from the face of Joshua, the robber, and his son Nave." Now Tefossad or Tefesah. 2. A town in Nuinidia, on the road from Sicca to Cirta (Jiin. Ant. p. 41). Now Tthcssa nr Ti- fech. [T. lI.D.j TIRYNS. 1211 TIPHAE. [SipuAK.] TIPHSAH. [Tii.M-sAcus.] TIPSUM or TIPSUS {It. Jlier. p. 509), a j.lace in Thrace, now Suniliikli or Karassiui, awording to I-apie. [J. K.J TIRIDA. [SxAbULusi DioMiiDis.] TIRISSA (Geogr. Kav. iv. 6), called by Arrian TfTptaias {Per. P. Eux. p. 24), and in the Tab. Pent. Trissa; a fortified place on the promontory of Tirizis. From its situation on this bold headland it was sometimes called simply 'Awpa (Steph. 15. p. 53; Hierocl. p. 637), and hence at present Khxrue or Kavarna. [T. H. I).] TIRISTASIS (Plin. iv.. 11. s. 18; Titpxaraffis, Scyl. p. 28; TipiaraaLs, Epist. Phil, ad Ath. ap. Dem. p. 159, R.), a town of the Tliracian Clierso- nesus, on the coast of the Propontis. It was in- cluded in the dominions of Philip, who in the letter above referred to complains that the Athenian general Diopeithes had taken it and sold its inhabit- ants for slaves (h. c. 340) [Dioi'KITUES, iJict. Bioy.l According to ChoLseul, its site is still occu- pied by a village bearing the .same name. [.I. R.] TIRIZIS (Tipi^ij. Strab. vii. p 319), a very pro- jecting headland of Moesia in the Pontus Euxinus. The name varies, being written 'Vi.piQx in Anon. {Perip. P. Knx. p. 1.3), Tipiffxpi's or Ttpiarpia &Kpa by Ptolemy (iii. 10. § 8), and Tiristis by Mela (ii. 2). Now Cape Guhjrad. [T. H. I).] TIRYNS {Tipvvs: FJh. Ttpvydios: the n.aine is perhaps connected with rvppis, Le|)siu.s, Tyn-h. J'e- lasyer, p. 13), one of the most ancient cities of Greece, lay a short distance SE. of Argos, on the right of the road leading to Epidaurus (Pans. ii. 25. § 8), and at the distance of 12 stadia from Nau- plia. (Strab. viii. p. 373.) Its ma.ssive walls, which have been regarded with wonder in all ages, are said to have been the work of the Cyclopes, and belong to the same age as those of Mycenae. (Pans, ii.' 16. § 5, ii. 25. § 8, vii. 25. § 6, ix. 36. § 5; Strab. I. c; Plin. vii. 56. s. 57.) Hence Homer calls the city Tipvvs Teix'fifc^o'a. (^'- ii- 559.) Pindar speaks of the YivKKunria irpddvpa of Tiiyns {Fraym. 642, ed. BUckli), and Pausaidas .says that the walls are not less worthy of admiration than tiie pyramids of Egypt (ix. 36. § 5.) In another juis- sage he describes the walls as consisting of wide ma.sses of stone {apyol Ai'Soi), of such a size, that a yoke of oxen could not stir the least of them, the interstices being filled in with smaller stones to make the whole more comjiact and solid. (Pans. ii. 25. § 8.) The foundation of Tiryns jiscends to the earliest mythical legends of the Argeia. It was said to have derived its name from Tiryns, the son of Argus (Paus. ii. 25. § 8), and to have been founded by Proetus. (Sirab. viii. ]>. 372; Pans. ii. 16. § 2.) According to the common tradition, Sh-- gapeiithes, the son of Proetus, ceded Tiryns to Per-seus, who transmitted it to his descendant Elec- tryon. Alcniena, the daughter of Electryon, mar- ried Amjihitryon, who would have succeeded to the crown, had he not been expelled by Sihenclus, king of Argos. Their son Hercules afterwards regained po.ssession of Tiryns, where lie lived for many ycar-s, and hence is frequently called Tiryntliius by the poets. (Hes. Sctd. 81 ; I'ind. 01. x. 37, hthm. vi. 39; Virg. ^len. vii. 662; Ov. Met. vii. 410.) Al- though Tiryns was thus closely connected with the Heraclidae, yet the city remained in the hamls of the old Achaean population after the return of the Heraclidae aud the conquest of Peloponnesua by the