Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1219

 THYMIATERION. gialus. (Anian, Peripl. P. E. p. 15; Anonym. Peripl. P. E. p. 6.) Ptolemy (v. 4. § 2) mentions it under the name of Thymaena, and states that it was also called Teuthrauia. [L. S] THYMIATE'RIOX {@vixiaTr,piuv, Hanno, Peripl. p. 2), called by Scylax (p. 23) Qvpiarripias, the first Carthaginian colony planted by Hanno on the west coast of Mauretania, 26 miles south-west of Lixus, on the Sinus Emporicus. There is no further mention of it. It has been variously identified with Marmora, Earache, and Tangier, but perhaps most correctly with the first. [T. H. D.] THY'MNIAS, a bay on the south-west coast of Caria, on the south-west of the bay of Schoenus, and between Capes Aphrodisium and rosidium. (Pomp Mela. i. 16: Plin. v. 29.) [L. S.] THYMOETADAE. [Attica, p. 325, b.] THYNI (Plin. iv. 11. s. 18, v. 32. s. 43 ; @woi, Herod, i. 28), a people in the SE. part of Thrace, between the Agrianesand the mountains which sepa- rate its head-waters from the Euxine. At a very early period, a portion of the tribe, along with the related race of the Bithyni, emigrated to Asia Minor, where they occupied the district afterwards called Bithynia; but part of which seems originally to liave been named more directly from the Thyni, since we find the names QwiaKi) QpaKri (Jlemnnn. c. 18), Qvvids (Scymn. 727, and 236), &vuia (Steph. B. p. 315), and Thynia (Amm. xxii. 8. § 14). Respecting the Asiatic Thyni, see also Strabo, vii. p. 295, xii. p. 541; and the article BiTiiyxL-i.. Of the Thyni who remained in Europe scarcely any notice is taken by the ancient historians. When Xenophon and the remnant of the 10.000 Greeks entered the service of Seuthes, one expedition in which tiiey were employed had for its object the subjugation of the Thyni, who were said to have defeated Teres, an ancestor of Seuthes {Anab. vii. 2. § 22). Xenophon gives them the somewhat equivocal character of being the most warlike of all people, especially by night: and he had personal experience of their fondness for nocturnal fighting; for, having encamped in their villages at the foot of the mountains, to which the Thyni had retired on the approach of Seuthes and his forces, he was attacked by them on the next night, and narrowly escaped being burnt to death in the house in which he had taken up his quarters (/&. 4. § 14, seq.). But this attack having failed, the Thyni again fled to the mountains, and soon afterwards submitted to Seuthes. Xenophon visited the country of the Thyni in the winter (/6. 6. § 31), which he describes as being extremely severe, there being deep snow on the ground, and so low a temperature, that not only ■water, but even wine in the vessels was frozen ; and many of the Greeks lost noses and ears through frostbite. (lb. 4. § 3.) [J. 1!.] TIIY'XIAS {Qvvias), a small island in the Eux- ine at a distance of one mile from the coast of Thy- nia or Bithynia; its distance from the port of Khoii was 20 stadia, and from Calpe 40. (Plin. vi. 13; Arrian, Peripl. P. E. p. 13.) The island had only 7 st.adia in circumference, and had at first been called Apollonia from a temple of Apollo which ex- isted ill it. (Plin., Arrian, U. cc; Apollon. Pihod. ii. 177, 675; Anon. Peripl. P. E. p. 3.) Accord- ing to Ptolemy (v. 1. § 15) it was also called Da- phnusia, and obtained its name of Thynias from the Thyni, who inhabited the opposite coast. The island liad a port and a naval statii)n belonging to llera- cleia (Scylax, p. 34; Arrian, I. c); and Mela (ii. 7) THYRIUJI. 1195 is probably mLstaken in believing that the island contained a town of the same name. (Comp. Strab. xii. p. 543, where it is called Thynia; Martian, p. 69; Steph. B. s. v.; Orph. Argon. 717, where it bears the name Thyneis.) The modern name of the island is Kirpeh. [LSI THY'NIAS (Mela ii. 2. § 5; Plin. iv. 11.' s. 18; ©yj/iof, Strabo vii. p. 319, xii. p. 541 : Srynin. 727; Ai-rian. Per. P. Enx. p. 24; Anon. Per. P. Eux. p. 15 ; Ptol. iii. 1 1. § 4 ; Steph. B. s. v.), a pro- montory on the Thracian coast of the Euxine, N. of Salmydessus, which was probably at one time in the territories of the Thyni, although Strabo (vii. p. 319) speaks of the district as belonging to the peo- ple of Apollonia. Pliny (/. c.) mentions a town of the same name, which in some maps is placed a little to the south of the promontory, on the site of the modern Inada or Jniada; but which, according to Dapper {de VArchip. p. 515), is still called Thinno. [J. JJ.] THYNOS or TYXOS, a town mentioned only by Pliny (v. 22) as situated between Mopsus and Ze- phyrium in Cilicia. [L. S.] THYRAEUM {Qvpalov. Etk. Qvpaios), a town of Arcadia in the district Cynuria, said to have been founded by Thyraeus, a son of Lycaon. It is placed by Leake at Paluindri. (Paus. viii. 3. § 3, 35. § 7 ; Steph. B. s. v. ; Leake, Peloponnesiaca, p. 240.) THYRAEUM. [Mkgalopous, p. 310, a.] THYT!EA, THYREA'TIS. [Cvnuria.] THYREA'TES SINUS. [Cynuria, p. 727, a.] THYREUM. [Thyrutm.] THYRGO'NIDAE. [Attica, p. 330, a,] THYRIDES (QupISer), a promontory of Laconia, on the western coast of the Taygetic peninsuhi, now called Cape Grosso. It is of a semicircular form, nearly 7 miles in circumference, and rises from the sea to the height of 700 feet. There are many apertures and clefts in the rocks, the abodes of in- numerable pigeons, and from the window-like form of these holes the whole promontory has received the name of Thyrides. Strabo describes it as a (JoojStjs Kp7]ixvhs, " a precipitous cape beaten by the winds," distant 130 stadia from Taenarum (reckoning from the northern point of Thyrides) ; Pausanias, as a promontory {aitpd), situated 70 stadia from Taena- rum (reckoning from the southern point of the pro- montory). Pausanias likewise calls it a promontory of Taenarum, using the latter word in its widest sense, to signify the whole peninsula of Mani. Ac- cording to Strabo, the Messenian gulf terminated at this promontory. Pliny (iv. 12. s. 56) mentions three islands of the name of Thyrides in the Asinaeau gulf. (Paus. iii. 25. § 9; Strab. viii. pp. 360, 362; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 302, seq.; Boblaye, Jie- cherches, ffc p. 91; Curtius, Pduponnesos, vol. ii. p. 281.) THY'RIUM, or THYTtEUM {@vpiov,V>.]. iv. 25; Qvpfou, Pol. iv. 6: Qovptov, Pol. xxviii. 5; Qv^^tiov, Anth. Graec. is. 553 : Elh. Qvptfv^, Tliyrieirsis), ii city in Acarnama, the exact site of which is unknown. It placed by Pouqueville in the interior near the .sources of the Anapus; and his authority is followed l)y K. 0. Jliiller and others. This, Imwever, is ovi<lently a mistake. Cicero tells us (ad Fnm. xvi. 5) that in sailing from Alyzia to Leucas, lie fouclied at Tliy- rium, where he remained two hours; and from tliis statement, as well as from the history of the events in which Thyrium is mentioned, wo may infer that it was situated on or near the Ionian sea, and that it was the first town oa the coast S. of the cand