Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1179

 THEBAE PHTHIOTIDES. followed the road which ran from this gate to On- chestus. He first mentions a temple of Themis, then temples of the Fates and of Zeus Agoraeus, and, a little further, a statue of Hercules, surnamed Rhino- colustes, because he here cut off the noses of the lieralds of Orchomenus. Twenty-five stadia beyond ■<vas the grove of Denieter Cabeiria and Persephone, and 7 stadia further a temple of the Cabeiri, to the COIN OF THEBES. right of which was the Teneric plain, and to the left a road which at the end of 50 stadia conducted to Thespiae (ix. 25. § 5, ix. 26. §§ 1, 6). (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 218, seq., vol. ir. p. 573, seq.; Ulrichs, Topographie von Thehen, in Ahknndl. der Bayer. Akad. p. 413, seq. 1841 ; Unger, Thebana Paradoxa, 1839 ; Forchhammer, Tiipogi'aphia Thebarum Heptapylarum, Kiliae, 1854.) THEBAE CORSICAE. [Corseia, No. 2.] THEBAE PHTHIO'TIDES or PHTHIAE (0^- eat al *0ic6T(5ey, Polyb. v. 99 ; Strab. ix. p. 433 ; Thebae Phthiae, Liv. xxxii. 33), an important town of Phthiotis in Thessaly, was situated in the north- eastern corner of this district, near the sea, and at the distance of 300 stadia from Larissa. (Polyb. I. c.) It is not mentioned in the Iliad, but it was at a later time the most important maritime city in Thessaly, till the foundation of Demetrias, by Deme- trius Poliorcetes, about b. c. 290. ("' Thebas Phthias iinum maritimum emporium fuisse quondam Thes- salis quaestuosum et fugiferum," Liv. xxxis. 25.) It is first mentioned in b. c. 282, as the only Thessa- lian city, except Peliimaeum, that did not take part in the Lamiac war. (Diod. xviii. 11.) In the war between Demetrius Poliorcetes and Cassander, in b. c 302, Thebes was one of the strongholds of Cassander. (Diod. XX. 110.) It became at a later time the chief possession of the Aetolians in northern Greece; but it was wrested from them, after an obstinate siege, by Philip, the son of Demetrius, who changed its name into Philippopolis. (Polyb. v. 99, 100; Diod. xsvi. p. 5] 3, ed. Wesseling.) It was attacked by the consul Flamininus, previous to the battle of Cynoscephalae, b. c. 197, but without success. (Liv. xxxiii. 5; Polyb. xviii. 2.) After the defeat of Phi- lip, the name of Philippopolis was gradually dropped, though both names are used by Livy in narrating the transactions of the year b. c. 185. (Liv. xxxix. 25.) It continued to exist under the name of Thebes in the time of the Roman Empire, and is mentioned by Hierocles in the sixtli century. (" Thebae Thessalae," Plin. v. 8. s. 15; @ri€ai ^ditli- TiSos, Ptol. iii. 13. § 17; Steph. B. s. v.; Hierocl. p. 642, ed. Wess.) The ruins of Thebes are situated upon a height half a mile to the north-east of A k- Ketjel. The entire circuit of the walls and towers, both of the town and citadel, still exist; and the circumference is between 2 and 3 miles. The theatre, of which only a small part of the exterior circular wall of the cavea remains, stood about the THELPUSA. 1155 centre of the city, looking towards the sea. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 358.) THEBAIS.^ [Thebae Aegyi-ti.] THEBE(0r'jg7;), a famous ancient town in :Iysia, at the southern foot of Mount Placius, which is ot'ti'n mentioned by Homer as governed by Eetion, tlic father of Andromache (//. i. 366, vi. 397, xxii. 479). The town is said to have been destroyed during the Trojan War by Achilles {II. ii. 691 ; Strab. xiii. pp. 584, 585, 612, foil.) It must have been restored after its first destruction, but it was decayed in the time of Strabo, and when Pliny (v. 32) wrote it had entirely disappeared. The belief of some of the ancient grammarians (Etym. JL s. i'.; Didym. ad Horn. II. i. 336; Diac. ad Ilesiod. Scut. 49; and Eustath. ad Horn. II. ii. 691) that Thebe was only another name for Adramyttium, is contradicted by the most express testimony of the best writers. Xenophon (Anab. vii. 8. § 7) places it between Antandrus and Adramyttium, and Strabo, perhaps more correctly, between Adramyttium and Carina, about 80 stadia to the north-east of the former. (Comp. Pomp. Mela, i. 18; Steph. B. s. r.) Al- though this town perished at an early period, its name remained celebrated throughout antiquity, being at- tached to the neighbouring plain (Bijgrjs TrfSiuv, Campus Thebanus), which was famed for its fer- tility, and was often ravaged and plundered by the diflerent armies, whom the events of war brought into this part of Asia. (Herod, vii. 42 ; Xenoph. I. c; Strab. xiii. p. 588; Liv. xxxvii. 19.) Ste- phanus B. (s. v.) mentions another town of this name as belonging to the territory of Miletns in Asia Minor. [L. S.] THECHES (&VXV^), one of the highest jjoints of Mount Paryadres in Pontus, south-east of Trapezus, en the borders of the country inhabited by the Ma- crones. From it the Ten Thousand Greeks under Xenophon for the first time descried the distant Euxine. (Xenoph. A7iab. iv. 7. § 21.) Diodorus Siculus (xiv. 29) calls the mountain XrjVLOv opos ; but it still bears its ancient name Tekieh. (Ritter, Erdkunde, ii. p. 768.) [L. S.] THECOA. [Tkkoah.] THEGANUSSA. [Me.ssenia, p. 342, b.] THEI'SO A {®iia6a -. Eth. ©eicroaTTjs). 1 . A town of Arcadia, in the district Cynuria or Parrhasia, on the northern slope of Mt. Lycaeus, called after the nymph Theisoa, one of the nurses of Zeus. Its in- habitants were removed to Jlegalopolis upon the foundation of the latter city. Leake places it at the castle of St. Ilelen above Lavdha. Ross discovered some ancient remains 'ii. oi Andritzdna, 'vihivlx he conjectures may be those of Theisoa. (Paus. viii. 38. §§ 3, 9, viii. 27. § 4; Steph. B. s. r.; Leake, 3Iorea, vol. ii. p. 315, Peloponnesiaca, p. 154; Ross, Reisen im Peloponnes, vol. i. p. 101 ; Boblaye, liecherches, p. 151.) 2. A town of Arci.dia, in the territory of Orcho- menus, the inhabitants of which also removed to Megalopolis. It is mentioned ahmg with Methy- diium and Teuthis as belonging to the confederation {ffwriKeta) of Orchomenos. It is probaidy rejire- sented by the ruins near Dimitzana. (Paus. viii. 27. §§ 4, 7, viii. 28. § 3; Ross, p. 115.) THEIUJI, a town ofAtbamania in Epeirus, of uncertain site. (Liv. xxxviii. 2.) THELINE. [Aki-.i.atk.] TlIELl'U'SA («€Airo[/<Ta, Paus. and Coins; TtA- (jiovaa, Polyb., Diod., and Stejih. B. s. v.: Eth. &t- TToi/tnof, TfAcpuvcrios'), a town in the west of Arcadia, 4 E 2