Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1150

 1120 TKNEBKIUM. Tenea. Stephanus describes Tenea as lying between Corintli and Mycenae. (,s. v. Tei'f'a.) The Teneatae claimed descent from the inliabitants of Tenedos, who wei'e brouglit over from Troy as prisoners, and settled by Asraiiienmon in this part of the Corinthia; and they said that it was in conse(|uence of tiieir Trojan origin that they worshipped Apollo above all the other gods. (Pans. ii. .5. § 4.) Strabo also mentions here the temple of Apollo Teneates, and says that Tenea and Tenedos had a common origin in Tennus, the son of Cycnus. (Strab. viii. p. 380.) According to Dionysius, however, Tenea was of late foundation. (Cic. ad Att. vi. 2. § 3.) It was at Tenea that Oedipus was said to have passed his childhood. It was also from this place that Archias took the greater number of the colonists with whom he founded Syracuse. After the destruction of Coiinth by JIumniius, Tenea had the good fortune to continue undisturbed, because it is said to have as- sisted the Romans against Corinth. (Strab. I. c.) We cannot, however, suppose that an insignificant place like Tenea could have acted in opposition to Corinth and the Achaean League; and it is more probable that the Teneatae were spared by Mummius in conse- quence of their pretended Trojan descent and conse- quent affinity with the Romans themselves. However this may be, their good fortune gave rise to the line : evSai/j-Ciiv & Koptvdos, iyw S' sJ'tji' TevedrTis. Tenea lay in the mountain valley through which flows the river that falls into the Corinthian gulf to the east of Corinth. In this valley are three places at which vases and other antiquities have been dis- covered, namely, at the two villages of Chilimodi and Klenia, both on the road to Nauplia, and the latter at the very foot of the ancient road Contoporia [see Vol. I. p. 201, b.], and at the village of Athiki, an hour east of Chilinwdi, on the road to Sophiko. In the fields of AiMki there was found an ancient statue of Apollo, a striking confirmation of the pre- valence of the worship of this god in the district. The Teneatae would therefore appear to have dwelt in scattered abodes at these three spots and in the in- tervening country; but the village of Tenea, prcqierly so called, was probably at Chilinwdi, since the dis- tance from this place to Corinth corresponds to the 0 stadia of Pausaiiias. Since one of the passes from the Argeia into the Corinthia I'uns by Klinia and Chilimodi, there can be little doubt that it was by this road that Agesi- laus marched from the Argeia toCorinth in u.c. 391. (Xen. Hell. iv. 5. § 19.) In the text (if Xcnophon the words are eKeWev inref)€aujv Kara. Tfyiav is KdptvOov, but Tej/eW ought to be substituted for Teyeau, since it is impossible to believe that Age- silaus could have mai'ched from the Argeia to Corinth by way of Tegea. Moreover, we learn from Strabo (viii. p. 380) that the well-known name of Tegea was in other cases .substituted for that of Tenea. In the parallel passage of the Agesilaus of Xenophon (ii. 17), the pass by Tenea is called KaTCL ra aTiva. (Leake, Morea, vol. iii. p. 320, Pdoponnesiaca, p. 400 ; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. ii. 549, foil.) TENE'BRIUM(T€i'e'§pioySrepoi',Ptol. ii. 6.§ 16), a promontory on the E. coast of Spain, near the mouth of the Iberus. Stephanus B. (s. v.) also mentions a district called Tenebria, and Ptolemy a harbour called Tenebrius, which Marca (^Hisp. ii. 8) takes to be Alfachs near Tarragona, but which must be looked for to the SW. [T. H. D.] TENEDOS. TEN1':D0S (TeVeSos: FAh. TcveSios: Ttnedo, Turk. Bogdsha-Adassi'), an island off the coast of Troas, from which its distance is only 40 stadia, wliile from Cape Sigeum it is 12 miles distant. (Strab. siii. p. 604; Plin. ii. 106, v. 39.) It was origiuully called Leacophrys, from its white cliffs, Calydna, Phoenice, or Lyrnessus (Strab. I.e. ; Pans. x. 14. § 3 ; Steph. B. s.v. TeVeSos; Eustath. ad Uom. II. p. 33; Plin. I. c), and was believed to have received the name of Tenedos from Tennes, a son of Cycnus (Strab. viii. p. 380; Diod. V. 83 ; Conon, Narrat. 28 ; Cic. in Verr. i. 19). The island is described as being 80 stadia in circumference, and containing a town of the same name, which was an Aeolian settlement, and situated on the eastern coast. (Herod, i. 149; Thucyd. vii. 57.) The town possessed two harbours, one of which was called ^6peioi> (Arrian, Anah. ii. 2. § 2; Scylax, p. 35, who, however, notices only one), and a temple of the Smynthian Apollo. (Strab. I.e.; Honi. II. i. 38, 452.) 'in the Trojan legend, the island plays a prominent part, and at an early period seems to have been a place of considerable import- ance, as may be inferred from certain ancient pro- verbial expressions which owe their origin to it, such as Tei'eSios -rreAeiivs (Steph. B. s. v.; Apostol. xviii. 28; Diogenian. viii. 58; comp. Cic. ad Quint. Frat. ii. 11), Te^'eSios ^vSpojTros (Zeiiob. vi. 9; Eustath, ad Diomjs. 536), T^vi^ios avr]rris (Steph. B. s. v.; Pint. Qiiaest. Gr. 28), Tei'eSioi' KaKov (Apostol. x. 80), and Tere'Sio? ^vvriynpos (Steph. B. s. v.). The laws and civil institutions of Tenedos seem to have been celebrated for their wisdom, if we may credit Pindar, whose eleventh Nemean ode is inscribed to Aristagoras, a prytanis or chief magistrate of the island. We further know from Stephanus B. that Aristotle wrote on the polity of Tenedos. During the Persian wars the island was taken pos.session of by the Persians (Herod, vi. 31), and during the Peloponnesian War it sided wiili Athens and paid tribute to her (Thue. I. c. ii. 2), which seems to have amounted to 3426 drachmae every year. (F'ranz, Elem. Epigraph, n. 52.) After- wards, in B. c. 389, Tenedos was ravaged by the Lacedaemonians for its fidelity to Athens (Xen. Hist. Gr. V. 1. § 6); but though the peace of Antalcidas gJive up the island to Persia, it yet main- tained its conirecticn with Athens. (Demosth. c. Polycl. p. 1223, c. Theocr. p. 1333.) In the time of Alexander the Great, the Tenedians threw off the Persian yoke, and, though reconquered by Pharna- bazus,they soon again revolted from Persia. (Arrian, Anab. ii, 2, iii. 2.) During the wars of Macedonia with the Romans, Tenedos, owing to its situation near the entrance of the Hellespont, was an important naval station. (Polyb. xvi. 34, xxvii. 6; Liv. xxxi. 16, xliv. 28.) In the war against Mithridates, Lu- culhis fought a great naval battle near Tenedos. (Plut. Luc. 3; Cic.;;. Arch. 9, p. Mur. 15.) In the time of Virgil, Tenedos seems to have entirely lost its ancient importance, and, being conscious of their weakness, its inhabitants had placed them- .selves under the protection of Alexandria Troas (Pans. x. 14. § 4). The favourable situation of the island, however, prevented its utter decay, and the emperor Justinian caused granaries to be erected in it, to receive the supplies of corn conveyed from Egypt to Constantinople. (Procop. c7e v4ecZ. v. 1.) The women of Tenedos are reported to have been of surpas.sing beauty. (Athen. xiii. p. 609.) There are but few ancient remains in the island worthy of notice. (Chandler, Travels in Asia Minor, p. 22; Prokesch,