Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1149

 TEMPSA. by Longinus in Tempe. This Longlmis appears to have been the L. Cassius Longinus Tvho was sent bv Caesar from Illyria into Thessaly. (Caes. B. C. lii. 34 ) When Xerxes invaded Greece, b. c. 480, tiie Greeks sent a force of 10,000 men to Tempe, with the intention of defending the pass against the Per- sians; but liaving learnt from Alexander, the king of Macedonia, that there was another pass across Mt. Olympus, which entered Thessaly near Gonnus, where the gorge of Tempe commenced, the Greeks withdrew to Thermopylae. (Herod, vii. 173.) It was believed by the ancient historians and geo- graphers that the gorge of Tempe had been pro- duced by an earthquake, which rent asunder the mountains, and afforded the waters of the Peneius an egress to the sea. (Herod, vii. 129 ; Strab. is. p. 430.) But the Thessalians maintained that it was the god Poseidon who had split the mountains (Herod. Z. c.) ; while others supposed that this had been the work of Hercules. (Diod. iv. 58 ; Lucan, vi. 345.) The pass of Tempe was connected with the wor- ship of Apollo. This god was believed to have gone thither to receive expiation after the slaughter of the serpent Pytho, and afterwards to have returned to Delphi, bearing in Lis liand a branch of laurel plucked in the valley. Every ninth year the Del- phians sent a procession to Tempe consisting of well- born youths, of which the chief youth plucked a branch of laurel and brought it back to Delphi. On liiis occasion a solemn festival, in which the inha- I'itants of the neighbouring regions took part, was Lflfbrated at Tempe in honour of Apollo Tempeites. The procession was accompanied by a flute-player. (Aelian, F. H. iii. I ; Plut. Qitaest. Graec. c. 1 1. }i. "292, de Musica, c. 14. p. 1136; Bockh, Inscr. Xo. 1767, quoted by Grote, Hist, of Greece,voL ii. p. 365.) The name of Tempe was applied to other beautiful valleys. Thus the valley, through which the He- I'Tus flows in Sicily, is called " Heloria Tempe" (')v. Fast. iv. 477); and Cicero gives the name of Ti/mpe to the valley of the Velinus, near Reate (ad Att. iv. 15). In the same way Ovid speaks of the '• Heliconia Tempe" (Am. i. 1. 15). (Leake, Norlheiii Greece, vol. iii. p. 390, seq. ; D-KJwolI, vol. ii. p. 109, seq. ; Hawkins, in Walpoie's CiiUection, vol. i. p. 517, seq. ; Kriegk, Das Thessa- H.«'he Tempe, Leipzig, 1835.) TEMPSA. [Tkmiosa.] TEMPYTJA (Ov. Ti-ist. i. 10. 21 ; in Geogr. Rav. iv. 6, Tympira; in It. Ant. p. 322, Timpirum; and in It. Ilkr. p. 602, Ad Unimpara), a town in the S. of Thrace, on the I'^gnatian Way, between Trajann- polis and Maxiniianopolis. It was situated in a de- file, which rendered it a convenient spot for the operations of the predatory tribes in its neighbour- hood. Here the Thrausi attacked the Pioman army under Cn. Manlius, on its return, loaded with booty, through Thrace from Asia Jlinor (b. c. 188); but the want of shelter exposed their movements to the Romans, who were thus enabled to defeat them. (Liv. sxxviii. 41.) The defile in question is pro- bably the same as the KopiriXuv CTfva mentioned by Appian (B. C. iv. 102), and through which, he states, Brutus and Cassius marched on their way to Philippi (Tafel, de Viae Egnatiae Parte orient. p. 34). Paul Lucas (Trois Vn;;. pp. 25, 27) regards it as corresponding to the modern Giir- schine. [.I. li.] TE'NCTERI or TE'XCHTEKI (Tf-vKTepoi, TEXEA. 1125 TiyKTrtpoi, Tf-yKfpoi, and Tayxpfai or Tayxaptai), an important German tribe, which is first mentioned by Caesar (B. G. iv. 1, 4). They appear, together with the Usipetes, originally to have occupied a district in the interior of Germany ; but on being driven from their original homes by the Suevi, and having wandered about for a period of three vears, they arrived on the banks of the Lower Ehire. and compelled the Menapii who inhabited both sides of the river to retreat to the western bank. Some time after this, the Germans even crossed the Rhine, esta- blished themselves on the western bank, in the country of the Menapii, and spread in all directions as far as the districts of the Eburones and Condrnsi, who seem to have invited their assistance against the lionuins. This happened in b.c. 56. The Germans demanded to be allowed to settle in Gaul; but Cae^ar, der hir- ing that there was no room for them, promi.-icd to procure habitations for them in the country of the Ubii, who happened to have sent anibass.adors to him at that time. The Germans asked for three days to corisider the matter, requesting Caesar not to advance farther into their country. But, .'•us- pccting some treacherous design, he jiroceeded on his march, and an engagement ensued, in which the Romans were defeated and sustained serious losses. On the following day the chiefs of the Germans appeared before Caesar, declaring that their people had attacked the Romans without their orders, and again begged Caesar to stop his march. Caesar, however, not only kept the chiefs as his prisoners, but immediately ordered an attack to be made on their camp. The peojile, who during the absence of their chiefs had abandoned themselves to the feeling of security, were thrown into the great- est confusion by the unsuspected attack. The men, however, fought on and among their waggons, while the women and children took to flight. The Rom.'in cavalry pursued the fugitives ; and when the Ger- mans heard the screams of their wives and children, and saw them cut to pieces, they threw away their arms and fled towards the Rhine; but as the river stopped their flight, a great nuniber of them perished by the sword of the Romans, and others were drowned in the Rhine. Those who escaped across the river were hospitably received by the Sigambri, who assigned to the Tencteri the district between the Huhr and the Sieff. (Caes. B. G. iv. 4 — 16 ; Livy, Epit. lib. cxsxviii.; Tac. Gertn. 32. 33, Ann. xiii. 56, Hist. iv. 21,64, 77; Pint. Caes. 21; Dion Cass, xxxix. 47, liv. 20, 21; Fh.r. iii. 10, iv. 12 ; Oros. iv. 20 ; Appian, de lieb. Gall. 4, 18 ; Ptol. ii. 11. § 8.) The Tencteri were particularly celebrated for their excellent cavalry ; and in their new country, on the eastern bank of the Rhine, they possessed the town of Budaris (either Monheini or I'lisseldu/'f), and the fort of Divitia (Ikiitz). In the reign of Augustus, the Tencteri joined the con- federacy of the Cherusci (Liv, /. c), and afterwards repeatedly apjiear joining other tribes in their wars against Rome, until in the end they api>ear as a part of the great confederacy of the Franks. (Greg. Tur. ii. 9 ; comp. Willielm, Gervianien, p. 141 ; Reichard, Germauien, p. 31; Latham, Tacit. Germ. p. 110.) [L. S.] TE'NEA (Tei/ta: Eth. TfffdrTjs). the mo.st im- portant place in the Corintliia after the city of Co- rinth .-uid her port towns, wjis situated smith of the capital, anil at the di.stance of CO stadia from the latter, according to Pausanias. 'I'he southern gate of Corinth was lalled the Teneatic, from its leading to 4 c 3