Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1142

 ins TECMON. (ii. 11. § 27) in the north of Germany, perhaps in the country of the Chauci, on the left bank of the Visurgis ( Weser^. Its site must probably be looked for near or at the village of Zetel, about 3 miles from the western bank of the ]Veser. (Reichard, Germanien, p. 245.) [L. S.] TECJION {TeK/jLoiv. Eth. TeKfxwvios). a city of: Molossis in Epeirus, incorrectly called by Stephanus B. a city of Thesprotia, taken by L. Anicius, the Roman commander, in B. c. 167. Leake supposes that Gui'idnista, near Kurendo, about 20 miles to the W. of Joiinnina, may have been the site of Tec- mon or Horreum, which Livy mentions in connection with Tecmon. (Liv. xlv. 26; Steph. B. s. v. Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 83.) TECTOSACES (TefCTOo-a/cer, Ptol. vi. U. § 9), a people of Scytbia within Imaus. [T. H. D.] TECTOSAGES. [Volc.e.] TEGTOSAGES, TECTOSAGAE, or TECTO- SAGI {TeKToaayes, TeKToadyai), one of the three great tribes of the Celts or Gallograeci in Asia Jlinor, of which they occupied the central parts. For particulars about their history, see Galatl. These Tectosages were probably the same tribe as the one mentioned by Polybius nnder the names of Aegosages or Rigosages. (Polyb. v. 33, 77, 78, 111.) [L. S.] TECUil. [TicHis.] TEDA'NIUS (TijSai'ioj), a small river of Illy- ricum (Ptol. ii. 16. § 3). on the frontier of the district called lapydia (Plin. iii. 25), is in all pro- babilitv the modern Zermanja. [L. S.] TE'GEA (Te'/e'a, Steph. B. s. v.), a town of Crete, which, according to legend, was founded by Aga- memnon. (Veil. Pat. i. 1.) The coins which Sestini and Pellerin attributed to the Cretan Tegea have been restored by Eckhel (vol. ii. p. 321) to the Arcadian city of that name. [E. B. J.] TE'GEA (Teyea, Ion. Te7e7j; Eth. Tfyeir-qs, Tegeata), one of the most ancient and powerful towns of Arcadia, situated in the .SE. of the country. Its territory, called Tegeatis (Teyeans), was bounded by Cynuria and Argohs on the E., from which it was separated by Mt. Parthenium, by Laconia on the S., by the Arcadian district of JIaenalia on the W., and by the territory of ilantineia on the N. The Tegeatae are said to have derived their name from Tegeates, a son of Lycaon, and to have dwelt originally in eight, afterwards nine, demi or town- ships, the inhabitants of which were incorporated by Aleus in the city of Tegea, of which this hero was the reputed founder. The names of these nine townships, which are preserved by Pausanias, are; Gareafae (Tapearai). Phylaceis (ivAaKus), Carij- utae (Kapuarai), Corytheis (KopuUels), Potachidae (na-Tax'Sai), Oedtae (Oiarai), Mant/iyr-eis (Mav- dupeh). Echeuetheis ('Exfi"')06's)i ^^ which Aphei- dantes ('A<f)ei5a;'T6s) was added as the ninth in the reign of king Apheidas. (Pans. viii. 3. § 4, viii. 45. § 1 ; Strab. viii. p. 337.) The Tegeatae were early divided into 4 tribes ((pvai), called respectively Clarevtis (KAapeiriy, in inscriptions Kpopiajris), Hippotholtis (^Iviro&oiTLs), Apolonedtis (^'AiroWw- i/eaTis), and Athamatis (^ABaveaTis), to each of which belonged a certain number of metoeci (juf- TO(Koi) or resident aliens. (Pavis. viii. 53. § 6; B'tickh, Corp. Inscr. no. 1513.) Tegea is mentioned in the Iliad (ii. 607), and was probably the most celebrated cf all the Arca- dian towns in the earliest times. This appears from its heroic renown, since its kmg Eciienius is said TEGEA. to have slain Hyllus, the son of Hercules, in single combat. (Herod, is. 26 ; Pans. viii. 45. § 3.) The Tegeatae offered a long-continued and success- ful resistance to the Spartans, when the latter at- tempted to extend their dominion over Arcadia. In one of the wars between the two people, Chari- liius or Charillus, king of Sparta, deceived by an oracle which appeared to promise victory to the Spartans, invaded Tegeatis. and was not only de- feated, but was taken prisoner with all his men who had survived the battle. (Herod, i. 66 ; Pans. iii. 7. § 3, viii. 5. § 9, viii. 45. § 3, 47. § 2, 48. § 4.) More than two centuries afterwards, in the reign of Leon and Agesicles, the Spartans again fought unsuccessfully against the Tegeatae ; but in the following generation, in the time of their king Anaxandrides, the Spartans, having obtained possession of the bones of Orestes in accordance with an oracle, defeated the Tegeatae and compelled them to acknowledge the supremacy of Sparta, about B.C. 560. (Herod, i. 65, 67,seq.; Pans. iii. 3. § 5, seq.) Tegea, however, still retained its inde- pendence, though its military force was at the dis- posal of Sparta ; and in the Persian War it appears as the second military power in the Peloponnesus, having the place of honour on the left wing of the allied army. Five hundred of the Tegeatae fought at Thermopylae, and 3000 at the battle of Plataea, half of their force consisting of hoplites and half of light-armed troops. (Herod, vii. 202, ix. 26, seq., 61.) As it was not usual to send the whole force of a state upon a distant march, we may probably estimate, with Clinton, the force of the Tegeatae on this occasion as not more than three-fourths of their whole number. This would give 4000 for the mili- tary population of Tegea, and about 17,400 for the whole free population. (Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p.417.) Soon after the battle of Plataea, the Tegeatae were again at war with the Spartans, of the causes of which, however, we have no information. We only know that the Tegeatae fought twice against the Spartans between b. c. 479 and 464, and were each time defeated; first in conjunction with the Argives, and a second time together with the other Arcadians, except the Llantineians at Dipaea, iu the Maenalian district. (Herod, ix. 37 ; Pans. iii. 11. § 7.) About this time, and also at a subse- quent period, Tegea, and especially the temple of Athena Alea in the city, was a frequent place of refuge for persons who had rendered themselves ob- noxious to the Spartan government. Hither fled the seer Hegesistratus (Herod, ix. 37) and the kings Leotychides, and Pausanias, son of Pleistoanas. (Herod, vi. 72; Xen. Hell. iii. 5. § 25; Paus. iii. 5. § 6.) In the Peloponnesian War the Tegeatae were the firm allies of the Spartans, to whom they remained faithful both on account of their possessing an aristo- cratical constitution, and from their jealousy of the neighbouring democratical city of Mantineia, with which they were frequently at war. [For details see Mantineia.] Thus the Tegeatae not only re- fused to join the Argives in the alliance formed against Sparta in b. c. 421, but they accompanied the Lacedaemonians in their expedition against Argos in 418. (Thuc. v. 32, 57.) They also fought on the side of the Spartans in the Corinthian War, 394. (Xen. Eell. iv. 2. § 13.) After the battle of Leuctra, however (371), the Spartan party in Tegea was e.xpelled, and the city joined the other Arcadian towns in the foundation of Megalopolis and