Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1140

 IIIG TEANXJJL same name, was a city of Apulia, situated on tlie ri^lit. bank of the river Frento {Fortoi-e), about 12 miles from its mouth. It appears to have been one of the most considerable cities of Apulia before its conquest by tiie Romans; but its name is first mentioned in B. c. 318, when, in conjunction with Canusium, it submitted to the Roman consuls JI. Foslius Flacci- natur and L. Plautius Venno. (Liv. ix. 20.) It is ajjain noticed duriiij; the Second Punic War, when it was selected by the dictator M. Junius Pera as the place of his winter-quarters in Apulia. (Id. xxiii. 24.) Cicero incidentally notices it as a municipal town, at the distance of 18 miles from Larinum (Cic. pro Cluent. 9). and its name is found in all the Ejeosraphers among the municipal towns of Apu- lia. ' (Strah. vi. p. 285; Mel. ii. 4. § G ; Plin. iii. 11. s. 16; Ptol. iii. 1. § 72.) Its municipal r.ank is confirmed also by an inscription, as well as by the Liber Coloniarum, and it is clear that it never at- tained the rank of a colony. (Orell. Inscr. 140; Lib. Col. p. 210.) Its ruins still exist at a place called Civitate, near the remains of a Roman bridge (now called the Ponte di Civitate), over the Fortore, by which the ancient road from Larinum to Luceria crossed that river. The distance from the site of Larinum agrees with that stated by Cicero of 18 miles (the Tabula erroneously gives only 12), and the discovery of inscriptions on the spot leaves no doubt of the identitication. Considerable remains of the walls are still extant, as well as fragments of other buildings. From these, as well as from an in- scription in which we find mention of the " Ordo splendidissimus Civitatis Theanensium," it seems probable that it continued to be a flourishing town under the Roman Empire. The period of its final decay is uncertain, but it retained its episcopal see down to modern times. (Holsten. Not. ad Cluver. p. 279; Romanelli, vol. ii. p. 291 ; Mommsen, /«str. Ji. N. p. 271.) Strabo speaks of Teanum as situated at some distance inland from a lake, the name of which he does not mention, but which is clearly the Lacus Pantanus of Pliny, now called the Lago di Lesina. From an inscription found on its banks it appears that this was comprised within the territory of Tea- num, which thus extended down to the sea (Roma- nelli, I. c), though about 12 miles distant from the coast. Several Italian topographers have assumed the existence of a city in Apulia of the name of Teate, distinct from Teanum (Giovenazzi. Sito di Aveja, p. 13; Romanelli, vol. ii. p. 286); but there seems no doubt that the two names are only different forms of the .same, and that the Teates Apuli of Livy (ix. 20) are in reality the people of Teanum. It is true that that writer mentions them as if they were distinct from the Teanenses whom he had mentioned just before; but it is probable that this arises merely from his having followed different annalists, and that both statements refer in fact to the same people, and are a repetition of the same occurrence. (Mommsen, Unter-Ital. Dinkkt. p. 301.) In like manner the Teate meritioned in tiie Liber Coloniarum (p. 2G1) is evidently the same place called in an earlier part of the same document (p. 210) Teanum. [E. H. B.] TEA'XUM {Teavov: Eth. Teanensis: Team), sometimes called for distinction's sake Te.vnum SiDiciNUM (Liv. sxii. 57; Cic. ad Aft. viii. 11; Plin. iii. 5. s. 9; Teavov 'SiSikIvov, Strab. v. p. 237), an important city of Campania, situated in the interior of that province, on the Via Latina, TEANUBL between Cales and Casiimm. (Strab. v. p. 237.) It was therefore the frontier city of Campania, as that term was understood under the Roman Em- pire; but originally Teanum was not reckoned a Campanian city at all, but was the capital of the small independent tribe of the Sidicini. [Sidicim.] It was indeed the only place of importance that they possessed, so that Livy in more than one instance alludes to it, where he is speaking of that people, merely as " their city," without mentioning its name (Liv. viii. 2, 17). Hence its history before the Roman conquest is identical with that of the people, which will be found in the article Sidicini. Tiie first mention of Teanum after the Roman conquest, is in B.C. 216, immediately after the battle of Cannae, when Marcellus sent forward a legion from Rome thither, evidently with the view of securing the line of the Via Latina. (Liv. xxii. 57.) A few years later, B.C. 211, it was selected as a place of confinement for a part of the senators of Capua, while they were awaiting their sentence from Rome; but the consul Fulvius, contrary to the opinion of his colleague App. Claudius, caused them all to be put to death without waiting for the decree of the senate, (Liv. xxvi. 15.) From this time Teanum became an ordinary municipal town : it is incidentally men- tioned as such on several occasions, and its position on the Via Latina doubtless contributed to its pros- perity. A gross outrage offered to one of its muni- cipal magistrates by the Roman consul, was noticed in one of the orations of C. Gracchus {ap. A. Gell. X. 3), and we learn from Cicero that it was in his time a flourishing and populous town. (Cic. de Leg. Agr. ii. 31, 35, ad. Att. viii. ll,d.) Its name repeatedly occurs in the Social War and the con- test between Sulla and Marius (Appian, B. C. i. 45, 85); and at a later period it was the place where the commanders of the legions in Italy held a kind of congress, with a view to bring about a reconcili- ation between Octavian and L. Antonius (/&. v. 20). It was one of the cities whose territoiy the tribune Rullus proposed by his law to divide among the Ro- man people (Cic. I. c.) ; but this misfortune was averted. It sub.sequenth', however, received a colony under Augustus {Lib. Col. p. 238; Plin. iii. 5. s. 9), and seems to have retained its colonial rank under the Empire. (Mommsen, hiscr. R. N. 3989, 3999.) Strabo tells us that it was the largest and most populous town on the Via Latina, and the most considerable of the inland cities of Campania after Capua. (Strab. v. pp. 237, 248.) Inscriptions and existing remains confirm this account of its impor- tance, but we hear little more of it under the Roman Empire. The Itineraries place it 16 miles from Ca- sinum, and 18 from Venafrum: a cross road also struck off from Teanum to Allifae, Telesia, and Be- neventum. {Itin. Ant. pp. 121, 304; Tab. Pent.) Another branch also communicated with Suessa and Minturnae. Tcamun was not more than 5 miles from Cales : the point where the territories of the two cities joined was marked by two shrines or aediculae of Fortune, mentioned by Strabo, under the name of oi 5uo Tvxa-i- (v. p. 249). Teanum appears to have declined during the middle ages, and the modern city of Teano is a poor place, with only about 4000 inhabitants, though re- taining its epi-scopal .see. Many ruins of the ancient city are visible, though none of them of any great interest. They are situated below the modern city, which stands on a hill, and considerably nearer to.