Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1071

 SUSUDATA. towns, there seems to have been no city of im- piirtiinre in Susiana, exce[)linn; Susa itself. [V.] SUSUDATA (Sot/crofSoTa), a place in the south- east of Germany, probably in the country iniiabitecl by the Silingae, at the foot of the Vandalici Montes. (Ptol. ii. 11. § ^8.) Its exact site cannot be ascer- tained. [L. S.] SUTHUL, a town and fortress in the interior of Nmnidia, where Jugurtha had a treasury. (Sail, Jug. 37.) [T. H. D.] SU'TRIUJI (Soi^rpioc: Etlt. Sutriensis: Sutr'i), a city of Etruria, situated in the southern part of that country, 32 miles from Rome, on the line of the Via Cassia. There is no doubt that it was an ancient Etruscan site, but apjiarently a small town, and in all probability a mere dejjendency of one of its more powerful neighbours. It was not till after the fall of Veii that the Romans carried their arms as far as Sutrium, which they first attacked in b. c. 391, with what success is uncertain (Diod. xiv. 98); but it must have fallen into their hands either in that or the following year, as we find it in a state of dependency on Rome immediately after the Gaulish invasion. (Liv. vi. 3.) The very year after that event (b. c. 389) the neighbouring Etruscans laid siege to Sutrium with a large force ; the city fell into their hands, but was recovered (as the tradition related) by the dictator Camillus on the same day. (Liv. vi. 3; Diod. xiv. 117.) Very nearly the same story is told again in B. c. 385, when the city was half taken by the Etruscans, but recovered by Camillus and Valerius. (Liv. vi. 9.) It was doubtless with a view to guard against the repetition of these surprises that two years after- wards Sutrium received a Roman colony, b. c. 383 (Veil. Pat. i. 14), and hencefortli became, in con- junction with the neigiibouring Nepete, one of the prmcipal frontier fortresses of the Roman terri- tory on this side ; hence Livy terms it " elaustra Etruriae." (Liv. ix. 32.) We do not find any subsequent mention of it in history till b. c. 311, when the Etruscans again laid siege to the city with their united forces, but were defeated in a great battle under its walls by Aemilius Barbula. (Liv. I. c.) The next year (u. c. 310) they were able to renew the siege at the opening of the cam- paign, but were once more defeated by the consul Q. Fabius JIaxiinus, and took refuge in the Ci- minian forest, which lay only a few miles distant. {[b. 33, 35.) But this barrier was now for the first time passed by the Roman arms, and hence- forth the wars with the Etru>cans were transferred to a more northerly region. From this time, there- fore, we hear but little of Sutrium, which was, how- ever, still for a time the outpost of the Roman power on the side of Etruria. (Liv. x. 14.) Its name is next mentioned after a long interval during the Second Punic War, as one of the Coloniae Latinae, which, in b. c. 209, declared their inability to bear any longer the burdens of the war. It was in con- .sequence jmnished at a later period by the imposition of still heavier contributions. (Liv. xxvii. 9, xxix. 15.) Its territory was one of those in which per- missitm was given to the exiled citizens of Capua to settle. (Id.xxvi. 34.) Sutrium continued under the Roman government to be a small and unimportant country town : it is only once again mentioned in history, at the out- break of the Perusian War (b. c. 41), when it w.as occupied by Agrippa, in order to cut off the commu- nications of Lucius Antonius with Rome. (Appian, SYAGROS PRUJI. 1051 B. C. V. 31.) But its position on the Cassian Way preserved it from falling into decay, like so luany of the Etruscan cities, under the Roman Empire: it is noticed by all the geographers, and its continued existence down to the close of the Western Empire is proved by inscriptions as well as the Itineraries. We learn that it received a fresh colony under Augustus, in consequence of which it bears in inscrip- tions the titles " Colonia Julia Sutrina." (Strab. v. p. 226; Plin. iii. 5. s. 8; Ptol. iii. 1. § 50; Ifm. Ant. p. 286; Tab. rent.; Lib. Col. p. 2]?'; Gruter, Inscr. p. 302. 1 ; Zumpt, de Col p. 351.) The modern town of Sutri is but a poor place with only about 2000 inhabitants, but retains its ejiiscopal see, which it has preserved throughout the middle ages. It occupies the site of the ancient city, as is shown by many fragments of columns and other architectural ornaments built into the modern houses, as well as by some portions of the ancient walls, which resemble in their style of construction those of Nepe and Falerii. The situation is, like that of most of the towns in this fart of Etruria, on a nearly isolated hill bounded by precipitous cliffs or banks of tufo rock, of no great elevation, and surrounded by small glens or ravines on all sides. In the cliffs which bound these are excavated numerous tombs, of no great interest. But the most remarkable relic of antiquity at Sutri is its amphitheatre, which is excavated in the tufo rock, and is in this respect unique of its kind. It is, however, of .small size, and, though irregular in construction, its architectural details are all of a late character: hence it is probable that it is really of Roman and Imperial times, though great im- portance has been sometimes attached to it as a specimen of an original Etruscan amphitheatre. Its anomalies and irregularities of structure are pro- bably owing only to the fact that it was worked out of a previously existing stone-quarry. (Dennis's Etruria, vol. i. pp. 94 — 97 ; Nibby, Dintorni, vol. iii. pp. 142, 143.) [E. H. B.] SUZAEI (^ovQjuoi), a trilie of ancient Per-is, noticed by Ptolemy (vi. 4. § 3). Lassen considers from this name that they were connected with the people of Susa, and that they were of tlie same race as the Uxii, one of the mountain races of Su- siana. (Ersch. u. Griiber's Encycl. iii. sect. vol. xvii. p. 438.) [v.] SYAGROS PROJIONTORIUM (Si^aypos S«/^a), a promontory of the S. coast of Arabia, at the eastein extremity of the Adramitae, tiie westernmost of the gulf of the Sachalitae, placed by Ptolemy in long. 90°, lat. 14° (vi. 7. § 11). He comments on an eiTor of bis predecessor, Jhirinus, who, he says, jjlaces the gulf Sachalites on the W. of Cape Syagros, while all who had navigated those seas distinctly asserted that the country Sach:ilitis and its .synonymous bay were to the E. of Syagros (i. 17. §§ 2, 3). Marci- anus (p. 23, ap. Hudson Geogr. Min. torn, i.) agrees with Ptolemy. The author of tiie Periphis ascribed to Arrian seems, however, to confirm the testimony of Mariims, by placing the Sinus Sachalites next to Cane Emporium, between that and Syagros Promon- tonum, and naming the bay to the E. of Syagros, Omana, which he reckons as 600 stadia in width; but as he mentions still further to the E., Moscha Portus, as a magazine for the .•-jiicery of Saclialitis, which he there more fully describes, it is possible that be may have included all the country as far E. as Jloscha under this name. It is at least clear that the Omana Sinus could be no part of the jjresent