Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1068

 ll!-48 SUNNESIA ture of the peristyle of the temple was aJonied with sculi/ture, some remains of which have been found among the ruins. North of the temple, and nearly in a line with its eastern front, are founda- tions of the Propylaeum or entrance into the sacred peribolus: it was about 50 feet long and 30 broad, and presented at either end a front of two Doric columns between antae, sujtpurting a pediment. The cohinins were 17 feet high, including the capital, 2 feet 10 inches in diameter at the base, with an opening between them of 8 feet 8 inches." (The Demi of Attica, p. 63, 2nd ed.) Leake remarks that there are no traces of any third building vi.sible, and that we must tlierefore conclude that here, as in the temple of Athena I'olias at Athens, Po>eidon was honoured only with an altar. Wordsworth, however, remarks that a little to the NE. of the peninsula on which the temple stands is a conical hill, where are extensive vestiges of an ancient building, which may perhaps be the remains of the temple of Poseidon. {Athens and Attica, p. 207.) SUNNESIA, a small island on the S. coast oi Spain (Geogr. Eav. v. 27.) [T. H. D.] SUNONENSIS LACUS, a lake in Bithynia, between the Aseania Lacus and the river Sangarius. (Amm. Marc. xxvi. S.) It is probably the same lake which is mentioned by Evagrius (Hist. Eccl. ii. 14) under tlie name of Bodcj; Xifivrj in the neigh- bourhood of Nicomedeia, and which is at present known under the name of Shahanja. It seems, also, to be the same lake from which the younger Pliny (x. 50) proposed to cut a canal to the sea. [L. S.] SUPERAEQUU.M or SUPEREQUUM {Elh. Superaequanus: Castel Vecchio Subequo'), a, town of the Peligni, one of the three which possessed mu- nicipal rights, and among which the territory of that jieople was divided. [Peligxi.] Hence it is men- tioned both by Pliny and in the Liber Coloniarum, where it is termed " Colonia Superaequana." It received a colony of veterans, probably under Au- gustus, to whicii a fresh body of colonists was added in the reign of JI. Aurelius. (Plin. iii. 12. s. 17; Lib. Colon, p. 229; Zumpt, de Colon. 361.) The name is not mentioned by any other author, but several inscriptions attest its municipal importance. Its site, which was erroneously transferred by Clu- verius to Palena, was clearly fixed by Holstenius at a place still called Castel Vecchio Subequo (in older documents Subrequo or Subixgu), where the inscriptions alluded to are still extant. It is situated on a hill on the right bank of the Aternus, and about 4 miles on the left of t!ie Via Valeria. Its terri- tory probably comprised the hilly district between that road and the Aternus. (Cluver, Ital. p. 758; Holsten. Not. in Cluver. p. 145; Itomanelli, vol. iii. pp. 134 — 137; Jlommsen, Inscr. R. N. p. 289.) [E. 11. B.] SUPERATII. [AsTURES.] SUPERUM MAKE. [Adriatru.v JIakk.] SU'PPARA (Soi^TTTrapa, Peripl. M. E. c. 52, ed. IMLill.), a place on the western coast of Uindostan, at no great distance from Barygaza or Beroach. Ptolemy calls it Soinrapa (vii. I. § 6). In Lassen's map it is placed on the left bank of the Tdpati or MunagiLiM, not far to the N. of Sural. This place is also mentioned by Edrisi (i. p. 171), and by Cos- mas Indicopleustes under the form oVOp)o.6a (p. 337, ed. Montfauc). It has been suspected, with much reason, by Benfey, that this is the " Ophir " of the Bible, — the name in Sanscrit and Hebrew re- spectively offering some remarkable analogies. (Ben- fey, art. Iiulkn, in Ersch and Grubci; p. 28.) [V.] SURIUS. SURA (to, l,ovpa: Eth. SoupTjz'o's). a city of Syria, sititated on the Euphrates, in the district of Palmy- rene, long. 72° 40', lat. 35° 40' of Ptolemy, wlio places it between Alalis and Alamata (v. 15. § 25); apparently the Sure of the Peuiinger T.able, accord- ing to which it was 105 M.P. distant from Palmyra. It is called in the Notitiae Imperii (§ 24) Flavia Turina Sura (ap. Mannert, p. 408). It is pro- bably identical with the Ura of Pliny, where, accord- ing to him, the Euphrates turns to the east from the deserts of Palmyra (v. 24. s. 87). He, however, mentions Sura (26. s. 89) as the nearest town to Philiscum, a town of the Parthians on the Euphrates. It was 126 stadia distant from Heliopolis, which was situated in what was called " Barbaricus campus." It was a Roman garrison of some import;mce in the Persian campaigns of Belisarius ; and a full account is given of the circumstances under which it was taken and burned by Chosroes I. (a. d. 532), who, having marched three long days' journey from Cir- cesium to Zenobia, along the course of the Euphrates, thence proceeded an equal distance up the river to Sura. Incidental mention of the bishop proves that it was then an episcopal see. (Procop. Bell. Fei-s. i. 18, ii. 5.) Its walls were so weak that it did not hold out more than half an hour ; but it was after- wards more substantially fortified, by order of the emperor Justinian. (Id. de Aedificiis Justinian!, ii. 9.) " About 36 miles below Balis (the Alalis of Ptolemy), following the course of the river, are the ruins of Sura ; and about 6 miles lower is the foiil of El-IIammdm" which Col. Chesney identities with the Zeugma of Tbapsacus, where, according to local tradition, the army of Alexander crossed the Eu- phrates (^Expedition for Survey, cfc. vol. i. p. 416). In the Chart (iii.) it is called Sooreah. and marked as " brick ruins," and it is probable that the exten- sive brick ruins a little below this site, between it and Phunsa (Tbapsacus), may be the remains of Alamata, mentioned in connection with Sura by Ptolemy. Ainsworth is certainly wrong in identifying the modem Suriyeh with the ancient Tbapsacus (p. 72). [G. W.] SUKA, a branch of the Jlosella in Gallia. Auso- nius (Mosella, v. 354): — " Namque et Pronaeae Nemesaeque adjuta meatu Sura tuas properat non degener ire sub undas." The Sura (Sour or Sure), comes fronri Luxembotirr/, and after receiving the Pronaea (Pruni) and Ncmesa (Nims), joins the Our, which falls into the Moselle on the left bank above .Augusta Trevirorum. [G. L.] SURAE. [SoRAE.j SURASE'NAE (^ovpa(Ti)vai, Arrian, Ind.-c. 8), an Indian nation, noticed by Arrian, who appear to have dwelt along the banks of the Jumna, 'fhey were famous for the worship of the Indian Hercules, and had two principal cities, Methora (Madura) and Cleisobora. The name is, pure Sanscrit, Sura- senakas. [V.] SUED AONES, a people of Hispania Tarraconensis, seated near Ilerda, and probably belonging to tiie Ilergctes. (Plin. iii. 3. s. 4.) ' [T.H.D.] SU'RIUM CXuvpiov, Ptol. V. 10. § 6), a place in Colchis, at the mouth of the Surius. (Plin. vi. 4. s. 4.) There is still at this spot a plain called Suram. (Ritter, ErdJcunde, ii. p. 809.) [T. H. D.] SU'RIUS a small tributary river of the Phasis in Colchis. (Plin. vi. 4. s. 4.) According to the .same authority, its water had a petrifving power (ii. 103. s. 106.) ' [T.H.D.]