Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1016

 096 SIDODOXE. their special attack ou this petty people to oppose a more powerful coalition (76. 2, 4, 5). It is clear that the Sidicini took part as allies of the Latins and Campanians in the war that followed : but we have no account of the terms they obtained in tl'.e general settlement of the peace in n. c. 338. It is certain, however, that they retained their independence, as immediately afterwards we find them engaging in a war on their own account with their neighbours the Auruncans. The Romans espoused the defence of the latter peojile, but before they were able to take the field, the Auruncans were comjjelled to abandon their ancient city, which was destroyed by the Sidi- cini, and withdrew to Suessa. (Liv. viii. 15.) The Ausonians of Gales had on this occasion been induced to make common cause with the Sidicini, but their combined forces were easily defeated by the Roman consuls. Cales soon after fell into the hands of the Romans ; but though the territory of the Sidicini was overrun by the consuls of b. c. 332, who esta- blished their winter-quarters there to watch the movements of the Samnites, their city of Teauum still held out {lb. IG, 17). Nor do we know at what time it fell into the power of the Romans, or on what terms the Sidicini were ultimately received to submission. But it is probable that this took place before b. C. 297, when we are told that the consul Decius Mus advanced to attack the Samnites " per Sidicinum agi-um " in a manner that certainly implies the district to have been at that time friendly, if not subject, to Rome (Liv. x. 14). After this the name of the Sidicini never appears in history as that of a people, but their territory (the " Sidicinus ager") is mentioned during the Second Punic War, when it was traversed and ravaged by Hannibal on his march from Capua to Rome (Liv. xxvi. 9) . The Sidicini seem to have gradually come to be regarded as a mere portion of the Campanian people, in common with the Ausonians of Cales and the Aiu'uncans of Suessa, and the name still occurs occasionally as a municipal designation equivalent to the Tcanenses (Liv. xxvi. 15 ; Cic. Phil. ii. 41). Strabo speaks of them in his time as an extinct tribe of Oscan race: and under the Roman Empire the only trace of them preserved was in the epithet of Sidicinum, which still continued to be applied to the city of Teanum. (Strab. v. p. 237 ; I'lin. iii. 5. s. 9 ; Ptol. iii. ]. § 68; Sih Itah v. 551, xii. 524.) [Teanum.] [E. H. B.] SIDODO'NE(2i5a)5co;'7j or 'Ziaiowvp,, Arrian. Jnd. c. 37), a small place ou the coast of Carmania, noticed by Arrian in Nearchus's voyage. Kemp- thorne thinks that it is represented by a small fishing village called Mogou; but Muller suggests, what seems more probable, that it is the present Duan. {Geojr. Grace. Minor.'p. 359, ed. Jliiller, Paris, 1855.) [V.] SIDOLOCUS or SIDOLEUCUS, in Gallia, is mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus when he is .speaking of Julian's march from Augustodunum to Autissiodurum. Sidolocum is supposed to be Saulieu [Chora.] [G. L.] SIDON (^iSwv: FAh. SiSoJwoy,), a very ancient and important maritime city of Phoenicia, which, according to Josephus, derived its oiigin and name from Sidon, the firstborn son of Canaan (^Gtn. x. 15; Joseph. Ant. i. 6. § 2), and is mentioned by Jloses as the northern extremity of the Canaanifish .settlements, as Gaza was the southernmost (^Gen. X. 19); ,ind in the blessing of Jacob it is said of Zebulun " his border shall be unto Sidon " (xlis. SIDON. 13). At the time of the Eisodus of the children of Israel, it was already distinguished by the ap- pellation of " the Great " (Josh. xi. 8 ; compare in LXX. ver. 2), and was in the extreme north border which was drawn from IMount Hermon (called Mount Hor in Num. xxxiv. 7) on the east to Great Sidon, where it is mentioned in the border of the tribe of Asher, as also is " the strong city of Tyre." (Josh. xix. 28, 29.) It was one of several cities from which the Israelites did not disposses the old inhabitants. (Jiidg. i. 31.) As the origin of this ancient city, its history, and manufactures, hare been noticed under Phoe- nicia, it only remains in this place to speak of its geographical position and relations so far as they either serve to illustrate, or are illustrated by, its history. It is stated by Josephus to have been a day's journey from the site of Dan, afterwards Paneas {Ard. V. 3. § 1). Strabo places it 400 stadia S. of Berytus, 200 N. of Tyre, and describes it as situated on a fair haven of the continent. He does not attempt to settle the questions between the rival cities, but remarks that while Sidon is most cele- brated by the poets (of whom Homer does not so much as name Tyre), the colonists in Africa and Spain, even beyond the Pillars of Hercules, showed more honour to Tyre (xvi. 2. §§ 22, 24). Hero- dotus's account of the origin of the race has been given under Phoenicia [p. 607, b.], and is shown to be in accordance with that of other writers. Justin follows it, but gives a different etymology of the name: " Condita urbe, quam a piscium uberitate Sidona appellaverunt, nam piscem Phoenices Sidon vocant; " but this is an error corrected by Michaelis and Gesenius (Lex. s. v. ''~>'i who derire it from T-IV- "to hunt or snare "game, birds, fish, &c., inditferently, so that the town must have derived its name from the occupation of the inhabitants as fishers, and not from the abundance of fish; and Ritter refers to the parallel case of Beth-saida on the sea of Tiberias. (Erdkunde, Syrkn, vol. iv. p. 43.) Pliny, who mentions it as " artifex vitri Thebarum- que Boeotiarum parens," places " Sarepta et Ornithon oppida " between it and Tyre (v. 19). It is reckoned XXX. M. p. from Berytus, xxiv. from Tyre, in the Itinerary of Antoninus (p. 149). But the Itinerarium Hicrosolymitanum reckons it xxviii. from Berytus, placing Heldua and Parphirion between (p. 584). Scylax mentions the closed harbour of Sidon (tfj.i]f KAeiTos, p. 42, ed. Hudson), which is more fully described by a later writer, Achilles Tatius (ciiT. a. d. 500), who represents Sidon as situated on the Assyrian sea, itself the metropolis of the Phoe- nicians, whose citizens were the ancestors of the Thebans. A double harbour shelters the sea in a wide gulf; for where the bay is covered on the right hand side, a second mouth has been formed, througii which the water again enters, opening into what may be regarded as a harbour of the harbour. In this inner basin, the vessels could lie securely during the winter, while the outer one served for the sum- mer. (Cited by Reland, lvalues, p. 1012). This inner port Reland conjectures, with great probability, is the closed port of Scylax, and to be identified with the second liarbour described by Strabo at Tyre, where he says there was one closed and another open harbour, called the Egyptian. The best account of the site is given by Pococke. " It was situated," he says, " on a rising ground, defended by the sea on the north and west. The present city is mostly on