Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1015

 SIDE. p. 682 ; Omcil. Const, ii. p. 240.) The chief di- vinity of this city was Athena, wlio is therefore seen represented on its coins, holding a pomegranate ((Ti'Stj) in her liand. (Sestini, Num. Vet. p. 392, folh; com p. Xenoph. Anal. i. 2. § 12; Cicero, ad Fan. iii. 6; Athen. viii. p. .350; Paus. viii. 28. §2; Ptol. V. 5. § 2, viii. 17. § 31.) The exact site of ancient Side, which is now called Eshj Adalia, as well as its remains, have been described by modern travellers. Beaufort (A'orflWttm'rt, p. 146, foil), who gives an excellent plan of the present condition of the place, states that the city stood on a low penin- sula, and was surrounded by walls; the part facing the land was of excellent workmanship, and much of it is still perfect. There were four gates, one from the country and three from the sea. The agora, 180 feet in diameter, was surrounded by a double row of colunms. One side of the square is at present occupied by the ruins of a temple and portico. The theatre appears like a lofty acropolis rising from the centre of the town, and is by far the largest and best preserved of any seen in Asia Minor. The harbour consisted of two small moles, connected with the quay and principal sea gate. At the extremity of the peninsula were two artificial liarbours for larger vessels. Both are now almost filled with sand and stones, which have been borne in by the swell. The earliest coins of Side are ex- tremely ancient ; the inscriptions are in very barba- rous characters, resembling the Phoenician, and the imperial coins exhibit the proud titles of Aa^TrpoTar?; und ex/SoJos. (Eckhel, vol. iii. pp.44, 161; Span- heim, De Usu et Praest. Num. p. 879; Fellows, Asia Minor, p. 201; Leake, Asia Minor, p. 195, foil.) Respecting Side, the ancient name of Polemonium, see Polemonium. [L. S.] SIDE (S/Stj), a town on the eastern coast of Lacouia, a little N. of the promontory Malea. It was said to have existed before the Dorian con- i[uest, and to have derived its name from a daughter of Danaus. The inhabitants were removed by the Doriau conquerors to the neighbouring town of Boeae. It probably occupied the site of the monas- tery of St. George, where there is a port. (Scylax, p. 17; Paus. iii. 22. § 11; Boblaye, Recherches, cj'c. p. 99; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. ii. p. 297.) SIDE'NE (2i5^j/7)). 1. A town of Mysia, on the river Granicus, which was destroyed by Croesus, and was never rebuilt, in consequence of a curse pronounced on the site by the destroyer. (Strab. xiii. pp. 587, 601.) 2. A town in Lycia, mentioned only by Ste- pliauus B. (s. y.) on the authority of the Lydiaca of Xanthus. 3. A district on the coast of Pontus, about the mouth of the river Sidenus, which derived its name from the town of Side, afterwards called Polemonium. The greater part of the district was formed by the deposits of the river. (Strab. i. p. 52, ii. p. 126, xii. pp. 547, 548, 556; Phn. vi. 4.) [L. S.] SIDE'NI (SiStji/oi), a people of Arabia Felix, placed by Ptolemy between the Thamyditae on the north, and the Darrae on the south, on the Elanitic gulf (vi. 7. § 4). Rlr. Forster identifies them with the Djtheyue tribe of Burckhardt, in the north of the Jhdjaz, extending along the coast from Jebel UassaHC (certainly identical with the Hippos Mons — both meaning Horse-mountain — of Ptolemy), to Yeniho. " All the circumstances, of name, locality, and neighbourhood," he says, " concur to prove their identity." (-4raWa, vol. i. p. 126.) [G. W.] SIDICINI. 99,' SIDE'NI (SiSeivoi, SeiStroi, 2i5?)^oi), a German tribe on the coast of the lialtic, between the mouth of the river Suebus and that of the Viadus. (Ptol. ii. 11. § 14.) It is possible that Sibini (2i§iyoi) is only a corrupt form of the name of this same tribe. (Zeuss, Die JJcutschen, p. 154.) [L. S.] SIDE'NUS, a small river of Pontus, having its sources in Mount Paryadres, and flowing throne h the district of Sidene into the Euxine; at its mouili was the town of Side or Polemonium (Plin. vi. 4), from vs'hich the river is now called Poideman, C/iai. (Comp. Hamilton, Researches, i. p. 270.) [L. S.] SIDEKIS, a river of Hyrcania, mentioned by Pliny (vi. 16. s. 18), which flowed into the Caspian sea. It cannot be now determined to which river he refers, but he states from it the Caspian sea was called the Hyrcanian. [V.] SIDE'RUS (2«557poils), according to Scylax (p. 39) a promontory and a port-town on the coast of Lycia. The same place seems to be meant in Stephanas B. (s. V. 2i5apoOr), when he calls Sidarus a town and harbour. Col. Leake {Asia Minor, p. 189) has shown that the town of Siderus is in all proba- bility no other than Olympus, on the south of Pha- selis. [L. S.] SIDICI'NI (SiSik'h'ol), a people of Central Italy bordering on the Samnites and Campanians. In the time of the geographers they had disappeared .is a people, or become absorbed into the general appel- lation of Campanians (Strab. v. p. 237), but at an earlier period they appear as a wholly independent people. Their chief city was Teanum, on the E. slope of the volcanic mountain group of Rocca Monjina : but they had at one time extended their power considerably further to the N. and up the valley of the Liris, as the territory of Fregellae is said to have been subject to them, before they were dispossessed of it by the Volscians (Liv. viii. 22). It is clear however that this extension of their limits was of short duration, or at all events had ceased before they first appear in history. Strabo tells us expressly that they were an Oscan tribe {I. c), and this is confirmed by the coins of Teanum still extant, which have Oscan inscriptions. They were there- fore closely allied to the neighbouring tribes of the Campanians on the S. and the Aurunci and Ausoncs on the W. Hence Virgil associates the inhabitants of the Sidicinian plains ('' Sidicina aequora," Aen. vii. 727) with the Auruncans and the inhabitants of Cales. The last city is assigned by Silius Italicus to the Sidicini, but this is opposed to all other authorities (Sil. Ital. viii. 511). The name of the Sidicini is first mentioned in history in b. c. 343, when they were attacked by the Samnites, who had been long pressing upon their neighbours the Vol- scians. Unable to contend with these formidablo assailants, the Sidicini had recourse to the Cam- panians, who sent an army to their assistance, but were easily defeated (Liv. vii. 29, 30), and being in their turn tlnvatened by the whole power of the Samnites, invoked the a.ssistance of Rome. During the war which fcjllowed (the First Samnite War), wu lose sight altogether of the Sidicini, but by the treaty which put an end to it (in n. c. 341) it was par- ticularly stipulated that the Samnites should be at liberty to pursue their ambitious designs against that people (Id. viii. 1, 2). Thus abandoned by the Romans to their fate the Sidicini had recourse to the Latins (who were now ojienly shaking off their connection with Rome) and the Campanians : and the Samnites were a second time dra^vn oil' from 3S 2