Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/814

Rh 802 SEVERUS. a se puellae amove correpti. Morel h im self publi shed it complete, under the name of the sophist Aristides ; 5, Achillis^ apud inferos edocti captain a Pyrrho Trojam esse. The foregoing, but in a more ample form and in a different order, were included, with a new Latin version, in the Eorcerpta varia Graecorum Sophistarum ac Rhetorum of Allatius, 8vo. Paris, .1641. Gale included those already published, with these additional ones, 6. Aeschinis, cum deprehenderet PJiilippi imaginem apud Demostlienem., T.Ejusdem^ inexilium abeuntis,cum ei Demosthenes viaticum daret. 8. Brise'is, cum Praecones earn abducerent; in his Rhetores Selecti, Bvo. Oxford, 1676. No. 7 had been published in the collection of Allatius, but under the name of Theodorus Cynopolites. Gale added a new Latin version of his own, and gave a revised, at least a different, text. The whole eight are included in the Rhe- tores Graeci of Walz, vol. i. p. 539, Bvo. Stuttgard and Tubingen, 1832. II. Airjyi'ifi.aTa, Narrationes. 1 . De Viola ; 2. De Hyacintho ; 3. De Narcisso ; 4. De Arione ; 5. De Icaro ; 6. De Oto et Ephialte. These were first published by Iriarte. {Regiae Bihlioth. Matritensis Codd. Graeci AiSti, vol. i. p. 462, fol. Madrid, 1769), and are reprinted by Walz in the collection just cited, p. 357. They are very short. (Fabric. Bibl. Grace, vol. vi. p. 53.) [J. C. M.] SEVE'RUS, bishop of Mileum in Numidia, the friend and ardent admirer of St. Augustine, composed in the fervour of overflowing affection a panegyrical epistle still extant, inscribed Venerahili ac desiderabili et toto siym charitatis amplcctendo episcopo Augustino. It will be found among the correspondence of the bishop of Hippo, n. cix. ed. Bened. From Ep. ex. of the same collection it appears that Severus died before the object of his love and reverence. [W. R.] SEVE'RUS, was bishop of Minorca in the early part of the fifth century, at a time when a great number of the Jews settled in that island were suddenly converted to Christianity. Tiiis happy change was ascribed by the prelate to the presence of the relics of St. Stephen, the proto- martyr, which had been deposited in the church at Mago (Mahon) by Orosius, upon his return from the East [Orosius], and the event was Boleranly announced to all ecclesiastics throughout the world in a circular letter written A. d. 218, and inscribed Epistola ad omnes orbis terrarum Episcopos, Presbyteros, et Diaconos. This piece was nrst brought to light from among the MSS. in the Vatican by Baronius, who published it in his annals, and it will be found also in the Ap- pendix to the seventh volume of the Benedictine edition of St. Augustine, under the title of Severi Epistola ad omnem Ecclesiam de Virtutibus in Mi- noricensi insula factis per reliquias Saudi Stephani Martyris. [W. R.] SEVE'RUS (^^^Tipo% or SeuTjpos), the name of two physicians, who have been supposed to be the same person by Bandini, in his excellent catalogue of the Library at Florence (see the Index)., and one of whom (probably the former) is mentioned in a list of those who were most eminent in medical science. (Cramer's Anecd. Graeca Paris, vol. iv.) ]. A physician who is mentioned by Archigenes (ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. iii. 1. vol. xii. p. 623), and in terms which seem to imply that he was dead when Archigenes wrote. The came occurs several times in Aetius, who has pre- SEVERUS. served some rather large extracts from the ^vritings of Severus. These may possibly belong to the other Severus ; but upon the whole it seems better to attribute them to this one, and to suppose that those passages where mention is made of Archi- genes (iii. 1. 34, pp. 480, 481), Oribasius (ii. 3. 102, iii. 1. 34. pp. 348, 481), and Severus (ii. 3. 43, 98, 102, pp. 319, 341, 342, 347), were written by Aetius himself. If the places where Antonius Musa (ii. 3. 30. p. 312), Apoilonius (ibid, and ii. 3. 43, p. 319), and Asclepiades Pharmacion (ii. 3. 85, p. 334), are quoted, belong to Severus, he must have lived towards the end of the first century after Christ. One of his medical formulae is quoted by Alexander Trallianus (ii. 5, p. 174.). Fabricius mentions {Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 394, ed. vet.) a physician named Setxriamis, as quoted by Aetius ; but this is probably a mistake either in the Greek text or in the Latin translation. He also men- tions a physician named Theodosius Severus ; but "Theodotium" is only the title given by Severus to one of his medicines. (See Bibl. Gr. vol. vii5. p. 329.) 2. The author of a short Greek treatise Uepl 'Everripcijv i^Toi KXvrrrripwv, De C/ysleribus, which was first published by F. R. Dietz, 8vo. Regim. Pruss. 1836. He is called by the title oi latro- sophista, and from some of the words he uses (e. g. a.aKrimaaiJ.6s) may be supposed to have lived in the sixth or seventh century after Christ. There is nothing in the work itself that deserves parti- cular notice here. [W. A. G.] SEVE'RUS, the architect, with Celer, of Nero's golden house. (Tac. Ann. xv. 42 ; Suet. Ner. 31 ; Celer.) [P- S.] SEVE'RUS, ACI'LIUS, consul a. d. 323, with Vettius Rufinus, in the reign of Constantius. (Fasti.) SEVE'RUS, T. ALLE'DIUS, a Roman eques, married his own niece to please Agrippina, because she married her uncle the emperor Claudius. (Tac. Ann. xii. 7 ; comp. Suet. Claud. 26.) SEVE'RUS, A'NNIUS, father of Fabia Ores- tilla, who was great grand-daughter of Antoninus, and wife of the elder Gordian. (Capitolin. Gor- dian. ires, c. 6.) [W. R.] SEVE'RUS, AQUILLIUS, a Spaniard, lived under Valentian, and wrote a work, partly in prose and partly in poetry, which is thus described by Hieronymus {de Vir. III. c. 3) : " volumon, quasi 'OSotTroptKoi', totius suae vitae statum con- tinens, tam prosa, quam versibus, quod vocavit KaTaarpocpriv, sive Iletpav." ( Wemsdorf, Pociae Latini Minores, vol. v. p. 1491.) SEVE'RUS, M. AURE'LIUS ALEXAN- DER, usually called ALEXANDER SEVERUS, Roman emperor, a. d. 222 — 235, the son of Gessius Marcianus and Julia Mamaea, and first cousin of Elagabalus [see genealogy under Cara- calla], was born at Arce, in Phoenicia, in the temple of Alexander the Great, to which his parents had repaired for the celebration of a festival. There is some doubt as to the year and day of his birth ; but the 1st of October, A. D. 205, is probably the correct date, although Herodian places the event so low as A. D. 208. His original name appears to have been Aleocianus Bassianus, the latter appel- lation having been derived from his maternal grand- father. Upon the elevation of Elagabalus, he accompanied his mother and the court to Rome, a report having been spread abroad, and having