Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/760

Rh 748 SCIPIO. driving a quadriga, with L. scip. asiag. i. e. Asiagencs or Asiagenus. Though Livy usually calls him Asiaticus, he gives Asiagenes as his sur- luime in one passage (xxxix. 44) : in the epitaph on his tomb he is called Asiagenus. 14. P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus, the elder son of the great Africanus [No. 12], was prevented by his weak health from taking any part in public affairs. Cicero praises his oratiunculae and his Greek history, and remarks that, with the greatness of his fiither's mind he possessed a larger amount of learning. He had no son of his own, but adopted the son of L. Aemilius Paulus [see below, No.2] ]. {CicBrut. 19, Cat.MaJAl,deOf i. 'd'6 ; Veil. Pat. i. 10). He was elected augur in B. c. 180 (Liv. xl. 42), and was also Flamen Dia- lis, as we see from the inscription on his tomb. This inscription runs as follows : — "Quel apicem, insigne Dialis flaminis, gessistei, mors perfecit tua, ut e&sent omnia brevia, honos fama virtusque, gloria atque ingenium. Quibus sei in longa licuisset tibe utier vita, facile 8uperas(8)es gloriam majorem. Qiiare lubens te in greraiu(m), Scipio, recipit terra, Publi, prognatum Public, Cornell." (Orelli, In- icript. No. 558). 15. L. or Cn. Cornelius Scipio Africanus, the younger son of the great Africanus [No. 12]. He accompanied his father into Asia in b. c. 190, and was taken prisoner by Antiochus, as has al- ready been related in the life of his father. Appian, in relating this circumstance {Syr. 29), confounds him with the celebrated Africanus minor. This Scipio was a degenerate son of so illustrious a sire, and only obtained the praetorship, in B.C. 174, through Cicereius, who had been a scriba of his father, giving way to him. In the same year he was expelled from the senate by the censors. (Liv. xli. 27 ; Val. Max. iii 5. § 1, iv. 5. § 3.) Q. Cornelia, the elder daughter of the great Africanus [No. 12], married P. Scipio NasicaCor- culum, No. 23. [Cornelia, No. 4.] 17. Cornelia, the younger daughter of the great Africanus [No. 12], married Tib. Sempronius Gracchus, and became by him the mother of the two celebrated tribunes. [Cornelia, No. 5.] 18. L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, the son of the conqueror of Antiochus [No. 13]. The fol- lowing is the inscription on his tomb : " L. Comeli L. F. P. N. Scipio quaist. tr. mil. annos gnatus XXXIII. mortuos. Pater regem Antioco(m) subegit" (Orelli, Inscr. No. 556). As he is here called quaestor, he is probably the same as the L. Cornelius Scipio, the quaestor, who was sent to meet Prusias and conduct him to Rome, when this monarch visited Italy in B.C. 167 (Liv. xlv, 44). 19. L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, is only known from the Fasti Capitolini, as the son of No. 18, and father of No. 20. 20. L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, is first mentioned in B.C. 100, when he took up arms with the other members of the senate against Satuminus (Cic. pro Rabir. Perd. 7). In the Social War he was stationed with L. Acilius in the town of Aesernia, from which they escaped on the approach of Vettius Scato in the dress of slaves (Appian, B. C. i. 41). He belonged to the Marian party in the civil wars, and was appointed consul in b. c. 83 with C. Norbanus. In this year Sulla returned to Italy, and advanced against the consuls. He defeated Norbanus in Italy, but seduced the troops of Scipio to desert their general, SCIPIO who was taken prisoner in his camp along with his son Lucius, but was dismissed by Sulla unin- jured. He was, however, included in the pro- scription in the following A'ear, B. c. 82, where- upon he fled to Massilia, and passed there the remainder of his life. His daughter was married to P. Sestius (Appian, B. C. i. 82, 85, 86 ; Plut. Sull. 28, Sertor. 6 ; Liv. Epit. 85 ; Flor. iii. 21 ; Oros. v. 21 ; Cic. Fhil. xii. 11, xiii. 1 ; Cic. pro Scst. 3 ; Schol. Bob. in Sest. p. 293, ed. Orelli). Cicero speaks favourably of the oratorical powers of this Scipio {dicebat non imperite^ Cic. Brut. 47). 21. P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Afri- canus MINOR, was the younger son of L. Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror of Macedonia, and was adopted by P. Scipio, the son of the conqueror of Hannibal [No. 14], whose mother was a sister of L. Aemilius Paulus. He was bom about b. c. 185. In his seventeenth year he accompanied his father Paulus to Greece, and fought under him at the battle of Pydna, in b. c. 168 (Liv. xliv. 44 ; Plut. Aemil. Paul, 22). While in Greece he pro- bably became acquainted with the historian Poly- bius ; and when the latter was sent to Rome, along with the other Achaean exiles, in the following year, b. c. 167, Scipio afforded him the pa- tronage and protection of his powerful family, and formed with him that close and intimate friendship which continued unbroken throughout his life. Scipio appears from his earliest years to have de- voted himself with ardour to the study of litera- ture ; and he eagerly availed himself of the su- perior knowledge of Polybius to direct him in his literary pursuits. He was accompanied by the Greek historian in almost all his campaigns, and in the midst of his most active military duties, lost no opportunity of enlarging his knowledge of Greek literature and philosophy, by constant intercourse with his friend. At a later period he also culti- vated the acquaintance of the philosopher Panae- tius ; nor did he neglect the literature of his own country, for the poets Lucilius and Terence were, as is well known, admitted to his intimacy. His friendship with Laelius, whose tastes and pursuits were so congenial to his own, was as remarkable as that of the elder Africanus with the elder Laelius, and has been immortalised by Cicero's celebrated treatise entitled " Laelius sive de Amicitia." In his younger years it was feared by Scipio's friends that he would not uphold the honour of his house, an apprehension probably only founded on his lite- rary habits and pursuits ; but in him the love of Greek refinement and Greek literature did not emasculate his mind, or incapacitate him for taking a distinguished part in public affairs. On the con- trary he is said to have cultivated the virtues Avhich distinguished the older Romans, and to have made Cato the model of his conduct. If we may believe his panegyrists, Polybius and Cicero, he possessed all the simple virtues of an old Roman, mellowed by the refining influences of Greek civi- lisation. Scipio first attracted public notice in b. c. 151. The repeated disasters which the Roman arms had sustained in Spjiin had inspired such dread of that war, that when the consuls attempted to levy troops in b. c. 151, no one was willing to enlist as a soldier, or to take the offices of tribune or legate. Scipio inspired confidence by coming forward, and offering to serve in Spain in any