Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/746

Rh 734 SCAMANDRIUS. in which Scaevola was opposed to L. Licinius Crassus, his former colleague (de Or. i. 39, Bmt'^, 39,52 ; Crassus, No. 23). Q. Scaevola the pontifex is the first Roman to whom we can attribute a scientific and systematic handling of the Jus Civile, which he accomplished in a work in eighteen books {Jus civile primus con- stituit generatim in libros decern et oclo redigendo ; Pomponius). This work had doubtless a great eft'ect both on his contemporaries and on the writings of subsequent jurists, who frequently cited it, and probably followed it as a model. Another work of his is also mentioned by Pompo- nius, Liber Singularis, irepi opwf, a work on Definitions, or perhaps rather, short rules of law, from which there are four excerpts in the Digest (Dig. 41. tit. 1. s. 64 ; 43. tit. 20. 8.8 ; 50. tit. 16. s. 241 ; and tit. 17. s. 73). This is the oldest work from which there are any excerpts in the Digest, and even these may have been taken at second-hand. The work on the Jus Civile was commented on by Servius Sulpicius, Laelius Felix (Gell. XV. 27), Pomponius, and Modestinus. The chief hearer (auditor) of Scaevola was C. Aquilius Gallus, the colleague of Cicero in the praetorship (b. c. 64). Cicero himself, a diligent attendant on Scaevola, was not, and did not pro- fess to be a jurist. As pontifex maximus Scae- vola must also have been skilled in the Jus Pontificium, and Cicero refers to him as his autho- rity on these matters (de Leg. ii. 20). The Cautio Muciana, which is mentioned in the Digest, was devised by this Scaevola. It was a cautio, or security, originally applied to the case of certain conditional legacies ; but afterwards to cases when a heres was instituted sub conditione. (Dig. 35. tit. 1. s. 7, 77, 79, &c.) Scaevola is one of those illustrious men whose fame is not preserved by his writings, but in the more enduring monument of the memory of all nations to whom the language of Rome is known. [G. L.] SCAE'VOLA, P. SEPTFMIUS, a Roman senator, condemned in the praetorship of Horten- sius, B. c. 72, on a charge of repetundae, but in reality because he had been one of the judices who were bribed by Cluentius, in B.C. 74, to condemn Oppianicus. (Cic. Verr. Act. i. 13, pro Clitent. 41.) SCAEUS {Ikoios)., one of the sons of Hippo- coon. (Pans. iii. 14. § 7 ; Herod, v. 60 ; Apollod. iii. 10. § 5 ; comp. Hippocoon.) [L, S.] SCAMANDER (2/ca/iavSpos), the god of the river Scamander, in Troas, was called by the gods Xanthus. Being insulted by Achilles, he entered into a contest with the Greek hero ; but Hera sent out Hephaestus to assist Achilles, and the god of fire dried up the waters of Scamander, and frightened Scamander, until Hera ordered He- phaestus to spare the river-god. (Horn. 11. xx. 74, xxi. 136, &c. ; Hes. Tlteog. 345.) [L. S.] SCAMANDER, the freedman of C. Fabricius, was accused, in B. c. 74, of having attempted to administer poison to Cluentius. He was defended by Cicero in a speech which is lost, but was con- demned. (C'lc. pro Cltient. iQ — 20.) SCAMA'NDRIUS (2/cajua%jo$). 1. The son of Hector and Andromache, whom the people of Troy called Astyanax, because his father was the protector of the city of Troy. (Horn. II. vi. 402 ; Plat. Cratyl. p. 392 ; Strab. xiii. p. 607.) 2. A Trojan, a son of Strophius. (Hom. II. v. 49.) [L. S.] SCAPTIUS. SCAMON (S/fa/xwj/), of Mytilene, wrote a work on inventions (Ilept Euprj/xaVwc), of which the first book is quotod by Athenaeus (xiv. pp. 630, b, 637, b ; see also Clem. Alex, Strom, i. p. 1 32 ; Euseb. Fraep. Ev. x. 7 ; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 495, ed. Westermann). P. SCANDFLIUS, a Roman eques, oppressed by Verres at Syracuse. (Cic. Verr. iii. 58 — 61.) SCA'NTIA. 1. A woman whom Clodius threat- ened with death, unless she surrendered her gar- dens to him. (Cic. pro Mil. 27.) 2. A Vestal Virgin, in the reign of Tiberius. (Tac. Ann. iv. 16.) SCANTILLA, MA'NLIA, the wife of the emperor Didius Julianus. She received and en- joyed the title of Augusta during the brief period of her husband's elevation. [Julianus.] [ W. R.J COIN OF SCANTILLA. SCANTI'NIUS. 1. C. ScANTiNius Capito- LINUS, aedile about B. c. 226, was accused by M. Claudius Marcellus, his colleague in the aedile- ship, of having made infamous proposals to his son Marcus, and was condemned to the payment of a heavy fine. This is the account of Plutarch, which seems preferable to that of Valerius Maxi- mus, who makes Scantinius tribune of the people at the time of his condemnation. (Plut. Marc. 2 ; Val. Max. vi. 1. § 7.) 2. P. Scantinius, a pontifex, who died in b. c. 216. (Liv. xxiii. 21.) 3. Scantinius, a tribune, but in what year is unknown, proposed a law to suppress unnatural crimes. Some persons suppose that this law de- rived its name from Scantinius Capitolinus spoken of above [No. 1] ; but such a way of naming a lex Avould be contrary to Roman usage, though it is a curious coincidence that the person condemned on account of this crime should bear the same name as the lex. It was under this lex that M. Caelius Rufus brought an accusation against App. Claudius the censor (Cael, ad Fam. viii, 12, 14). This lex is mentioned by other writers. (Juv. ii. 44 ; Suet. Dom. 8 ; Auson. Epigr. 88 ; Tertullian. de Monogam. 12.) SCA'NTIUS, a learned man cited by Varro in one of his lost works. (Varr. Fragm. p. 275, ed. Bip.) SCA'PTIUS. 1. P. ScAPTius. It is related that the inhabitants of Aricia and Ardea having a dispute about certain land, made the Roman people the arbiters ; and that the latter, upon the testi- mony and advice of P. Scaptius, adjudged that the land belonged to neither of these people, but to themselves, B, c. 466 (Liv. iii, 71, 72; Dionys. xi. 52). But as the district in question lay in the region of the Scaptian tribe, Niebuhr observes that it is very doubtful whether such a person as Scapj- tius ever existed. He also makes some other re- marks upon the tale which are worth reading- {Hist, of Rome., vol. ii. p. 449, note 9^5.) I