Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/725

Rh SARUS. granted him the privilege of living three gene- rations. (Herod, i. 173 ; Apollod. iii. 1. § 2 ; Pans. vii. 3. § 4 ; Strab. xii. p. 573 ; conip. Mi- letus, Atymnius.) 2. A son of Zeus by Laodameia, or according to others of Evander by Deidameia, and a brother of Clams and Themon. (Horn. //. vi. 199 ; Apol- lod. iii. 1. § 1 ; Died. V. 79 ; Virg. Aen. x. 125.) He was a Lycian prince, and a grandson of No. 1. 1 n the Trojan war he was an ally of the Trojans, and distinguished himself by his valour. (Horn. //. ii. 876, V. 479, &c., 629, &c., xii. 292, &c., 397, xvi. 550, &c., xvii. 152. &c. ; comp. Phi- lostr. Her. 14 ; Ov. Met. xiii. 255.) He was slain at Troy by Patroclus. {fl. xvi. 480, &c,) Apollo, by the command of Zeus, cleaned Sar- pedon's body from blood and dust, anointed it with ambrosia, and wrapped it up in an ambrosian garment. Sleep and Death then carried it into Lycia, to be honourably buried. {II. xvi. 667, &c. ; comp. Virg. Aen. i. 100.) Eustathius (ad Horn. p. 894) gives the following tradition to account for Sarpedon being king of the Lycians, since Glaucus, being the son of Hippolochus, and grandson of Bellerophontes, ought to have been king : when the two brothers Isandrus and Hippolochus were disputing about the government, it was proposed that they should shoot through a ring placed on the breast of a child, and Laodameia, the sister of the two rivals, gave up her own son Sarpedon for this purpose, who was thereupon honoured by his uncles with the kingdom, to show their gratitude to their sister for her generosity. This Sarpedon is sometimes confounded with No. 1, as in Eurip. Jfhes. 29, comp. Eustath. ad Horn. pp. 369, 636, inc. There was a sanctuary of Sarpedon (pro- bably the one we are here speaking of) at Xanthus in Lycia. (Appian, B. C. iv. 78.) 3. A son of Poseidon, and a brother of Poltys in Thrace, was slain by Heracles. (Apollod. ii. 5. §9.) [L.S.] SARPEDO'NIA (^apir-n^Svia), a surname of Artemis, derived from cape Sarpedon in Cilicia, where she had a temple with an oracle. (Strab. xiv, p. 676.) The masculine Sarpedonius occurs as a surname of Apollo in Cilicia. (Zosim. i, 57.) [L. S.] SARRA, SALO'NIUS. [Salonius, No. 3.] SARUS C^dpos), a Gothic commander in the Roman army, in the time of Arcadius and Hono- rius. He enjoyed great popularity among the soldiers on account of his bodily strength and his imdaunted courage, and in higher quarters he was esteemed as a general of skill and determination, whose assistance in time of danger w^as considered to be of great moment. During several years Sarus stood in close connection with Stilicho, but rose against him when the latter wavered in the hour of danger preceding his ftiU in A. d. 408. Sarus along with other generals was so indignant against Stilicho for his timid conduct, that he re&olved upon taking him dead or alive. He therefore, with a body of Goths, surprised the camp of Stiliclio, routed his Hunnic warriors, and, pene- trating to the camp of the commander, would have seized or killed him, but for his timely flight. Stilicho fled to Ravenna, and there perished in the manner related in his life. Sarus was henceforth a favourite at the court of Ravenna, was made magister militum, and consequently caused great jealousy to Alaric and Ataulphus or Adolphus, SASERNA. 713 the Gothic king of the house of the Balti, whose hereditary enemy he was. When Alaric approached Ravenna with hostile intentions, the reckless Sarus sallied out with a body of only three hundred warriors, cut many of the enemy to pieces, and, on his return within the walls of the capital, had Alaric proclaimed, by a herald, as a traitor to the emperor and the Roman nation. Infuriated at this public insult, Alaric marched upon Rome, and took revenge by sacking it in 410. Sarus left the service of Honorius soon afterwards, and joined the usurper Jovinus in Gaul. Ataulphus followed him thither, still meditating revenge, and having been informed that Sarus scoured the country with only a few followers, surprised him with a superior body, and slew him after an heroic resistance. (Zosim. V. p. 337, &c. ed. Oxon. 1679; Olym- piodor. apud Photium, p. 177; Philostorg. xii. 3. Fnigm.; Si)zom. ix. 4.) [W. P.] SASERNA. 1, 2. The name of two writers, father and son, on agriculture, who lived in the time between Cato and Varro. (Plin. H. N. xvii 21. s. 35. § 22 ; Varr. R. R. i. 2. § 22, i. 16. §5, i. 18. § 2; Colura. i. 1. § 12.) 3, 4. C. Saserna and P. Sasehna, the name of two brothers who served under Julius Caesar in the African war, b. c. 46, and one of whom is mentioned by Cicero as a friend of Antonius and Octavianus after the death of Caesar. (Hirt. B. Afr. 9, 10, 57 ; Cic. Philipp. xiii. 13, ad Att. xv. 2. § 3.) The gentile name of the preceding Sasemae is not mentioned, but they probably belonged to the Hostilia gens, since we find on coins the name of 5. L. HosTiLius Saserna. Eckhel conjectures that this L. Hostilius Saserna is the same as the C. Saserna previously mentioned, overlooking the passage of Hirtius {B. Afr. 57), in which his praenomen Caius occurs. The following are the most important coins belonging to L. Hostilius Saserna. On the obverse of the first is the head of Pallor, and on the reverse a standing figure of Diana in a foreign dress, holding in the right COINS O? L. HOSTILIUS SASERNA.