Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/65

Rh gave another and more exact version of the work. Of the original work some important fragments, including a considerable part of the third and fourth books, have been preserved in the Philocalia; in the Epistola ad Mennam, Patriarcham Cpolitanum of the emperor Justinian, given in the various editions of the Concilia (e. g. vol. v. p. 635, &c., ed. Labbe, vol. iii. p. 244, &c., ed. Hardouin) ; and by Marcellus of Ancyra (apud Eusebium, Contra Marcellum). Of the version of Jerome, there are some small portions preserved in his letter to Avitus (Epistol. 59, edd. vett,, 94, ed. Benedictin, 124, ed. Vallars.). The version of Rufinus has come down to us entire ; and is given with the fragments of Jerome's version and of the original by Delarue (vol. i. pp. 42 — 195).

5., De Oratione. This work is mentioned by Pamphilus (Apol. pro Orig. c. viii.), and is still extant. It was first published, 12mo. Oxford, 1685, with a Latin version. (Delarue, vol.i. pp. 195—272.)

6., Exchortatio ad Martyrium or , De Martyrio, addressed to his friend and patron Ambrosius, and to Protoctetus of Caesareia, during the persecution under the emperor Maximin ( 235 — 238), and still extant. (Delarue, vol i. pp. 273— 310.) It Avas first published by Jo. Rud. Wetstenius (Wetstein) the younger, 4to, Basel, 1574, with a Latin version and notes. Origen's letter of like purport, written when a mere boy to his father, has been already noticed.

7., Contra Celsum Libri VIII. written in the time of the emperor Philippus (Euseb. H. H. vi. 36), and still extant. In this valuable work Origen defends the truth of Christianity against the attacks of Celsus, an Epicurean, or perhaps a Platonic philosopher [Celsus]. The Philocalia is chiefly made up of extracts from it. It was first printed in the Latin version of Christophorus Persona, fol. Rome, 1481, and in Greek by David Hoeschelius, 4 to, Augsburg, 1605. (Delarue, vol.i. pp. 310 — 799.)

It may be as well here to mention that the , Philocalia, so often mentioned, was a compilation by Basil of Caesareia, and his friend Gregory of Nazianzus [Basilius, No. 2; Gregorius Nazianzenus], almost exclusively from the writings of Origen, of which many important fragments have been thus preserved, especially from his reply to Celsus. It is divided into twenty-seven chapters. It was first published in the Latin version of Gilbertus Genebrardus, in the second volume of that author's edition of Origen's works, fol. Paris, 1574, and in Greek by Joannes Tarinus, 4to, Paris, 1618. It is not given as a whole by Delarue, but such of the extracts as are not elsewhere extant are distributed to their appropriate places.

Many works of Origen are totally lost. An enumeration of those of which we have any in- formation is given by Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 235, &c). The majority of those which are lost were biblical and exegetical. The others were chiefly directed against the various classes of heretics, and partly consisted of records of his disputations with them. The book De libero Arbitrio, mentioned by himself in his Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, was perhaps that portion of his which relates to that subject. What the Monobiblia, mentioned by Jerome (Ad Paulam Epistol. 29, ed Benedictin, 33, ed. Vallars. and apud Rufin. Invect. lib. ii. 19), was, we have no means of ascertaining. There were, perhaps, other works beside those enumerated by Fabricius (l. c.): for there is no complete list of Origen's works extant ; those drawn up by Eusebius (see H. E. vi. 32) in his Life of Pamphilus, and by Jerome (see De Viris Illustr. c. 54) in the mutilated Epistle to Paula, just cited, are now lost.

Several works have been ascribed to Origen, and published under his name, which really do not belong to him. Of these, the most important are the following. (1), Dialogus contra Marcionitas sive de Recta in Deum Fide. This was first published in the Latin version of Joannes Picus, 4to, Paris, 1555, and in Greek by Jo. Rud. Wetstenius, with a Latin version, 4to, Basel, 1674. It is given by Delarue (vol. i. pp.800 — 872), but not as Origen's. It was ascribed to Origen, perhaps by Basil and Gregory Nazianzen, certainly by Anastasius Sinaita ; but Huet has shown that internal evidence is against its being his; and it is in all probability the production of a later age. Adamantius is the " orthodox " speaker in the Dialogue (comp. Maximus Hiero- solymitanus); and there is reason to believe, from the testimony of Theodoret (Haeret. Fahular. Praefat. and i. 25), that the author really bore that name, and was a distinct person altogether from Origen; but that, as Origen also bore the name of Adamantius, the work came to be erroneously ascribed to him. (2), s. Philosophumena s. Adversus omnes Haereses, Liber primus. This work was first published with a Latin version and notes, vindicating Origen's title to the author ship, by Jac. Gronovius, in the tenth volume of his Thesaurus Antiquitatum Graecarum,-p. 249, &c., under the title of Origenis Philosophumenwv Fragmentum. This title is not quite correct : the Philosophumena, or account of the systems of the ancient philosophy, appears to be entire, but is itself only a portion of a larger work against all " heresies" or sects holding erroneous views. The author is not known; but he was not Origen; for in his prooemium he claims episcopal rank, which Origen never held. (The work is in Delarue, vol. i. pp. 872 — 909.) (3) {{greek missing, Scholia in Orationem Dominicam, published by Fed. Morellus, in 1601, as the production of "Origen or some other teacher of that age :" but Huet and Delarue deny that these Scholia are his, and Huet ascribes them to Petrus of Laodiceia, following the editors of the Bibliotheca Patrum, who have given a Latin version of them in that collection. (Delarue, vol. i. pp. 909, 911.) — The above, with (4), an ancient Latin version of a Commentary on Job, are the only supposititious works given by Delarue. Others, however, are extant, and have been given by other editors, but do not require any further notice here.

Beside his own works, Origen revised the Lexicon of Hebrew names, Hebraicorum Nomninum S. Scripturae et Mensurarum Interpretatio, of Philo Judaeus [Philo] ; and enlarged it by the addition of the names in the New Testament : the work is consequently ascribed to him in some MSS. : but after his reputed heresies had rendered him odious, the name of Cyril of Alexandria was prefixed to the {{smallrefs}}