Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/576

Rh fiR4 PSIAX. edited, with the omission of the last of the three works, by Com. Sibenius, in the Novus Tliesaurus Juris dvilis et canonici of Ger. Meermannus, vol. i. pp. 37, &c., 1571, fol. ; again re-edited by L. H. Zeucherus, Lips. 1 789, 8vo. ; reprinted in the Attctores Graeci Minores, vol. ii. Lips. 1796. 6. AtSacr/caAia iravTo^airri, sive de omnifaria doc- trina capita et quaestiones ac responsiones CXCITI. ad Michaelevi Ducam Imp. Const. Gr. Lat. in the old edition of Fabric. Bibiioth. Graec. vol. v. pp. 1, &c., Hamb. 1705, 4to. 7. Ets ras dyias iTrrct trvud^ovs, de Septem Synodis, Gr., with the epi- grams of Cyrus Theodorus Prodromus, Basil. 1 536, 8vo. 8. Paraphrasis in Cantica Canticorum, first edited, with the similar works of Eusebiiis, Poly- chronius, and others, by J. Meursius, Lugd. Bat. 1617, 4to. ; reprinted in the works of Meursius, vol. viii. pp. 289, &c., Florent. 1746, fol. ; also in the Paris Bihliotheca Patrum, vol. xiii. pp. 681, foil. 9. Capita XL de S. Trinitate et persona Cliristi, Gr. Lat., edited by J. Wegelinus, with the Argumenta contra Nestorianos of Cyril of Alex- andria and John of Damascus, Aug. Vind. 1611, 8vo. ; another edition, 1698, fol. 10. Celebres Opiniones de Anima, Gr. Lat. with Origen's Philo- calia, Paris, 1624, 4to. 11. De Vitiis et Virtur tiims, et AUegoriae, in iambic verse, Gr., stud. Arsenii, in the Praeclara dicta pMlosophorum, Romae (no date), 8vo. ; reprinted, with the Alle- gories of Heracleides Ponticus, Basil. 1 544, 8vo. 12. Encomium in MetaphrasLem Dominum Syme- onem., Gr, Lat., in the De Sym^onum Scriptis Diairiha of Leo Allatius, Paris, 1 664, 4to. 1 3. Ju- dicium de Heliodori et AcMllis Tatii fabulis amato- riis, Gr., edited by D'Orville, in the Miscellan. Observ. Crit. in Azictores veteres et recenfiores^ vol. vii. tom. iii. pp. 366, &c. Paris, 1743, 8vo. 14. Carmen lambicum in depositionem Joh. Cliry- sostomi, in the Excerpta Graecorum et Rlietorum of Leo Allatius, Romae, 1641, 8vo. 15. Patria, seu Origines Urbis Constantinopolitanae, i. e. de Antiquitatibus Constantinopolitanis Libri IV. Gr. Lat., edited by Anselmus Bandurius, in his Im- perium Orie?itale, Paris, 1711, repr. Venet. 1729, folio. 16. Sc/iolia in Zoroastrem, printed witii various editions of the Oracula Magiea of Zoro- aster, 1599, &c. 17. Annotationes in Gregorium, printed with some editiom? of Gregory Nazian- zen, 1609, 1690. 18. Uapd(ppaais els rd irepl (pjx-qi/ias^ De Interpretationc., in the Aldine Editio Princeps of Amraonius Hermeas, 1503, folio. (Hoffmann, Lexicon Bibliogr. Script. Grac.cor. s. f.) For a list of the numerous unedited works of Psellus, see Fabricius and Cave. The Greek Anthology contains one epigram ascribed to Psellus, which, in the absence of any further information, may be ascribed to the younger Michael Psellus, as the most celebrated person of the name. (Brunck, Anal. vol. iii. p. 127 ; Ja- cobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iv. p. 97, vol. xiii. p. 918.) 4. Joannes Psellus, a Byzantine writer, whose time is unknown, and to whom are ascribed three poems. Constantinus Psellus, and some other writers of the same name, scarcely deserve men- tion. Very little is known of them, and in the statements which are made respecting them they are perpetually confounded with the younger Michael Psellus. (See Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 97.) [P. S.] PSIAX, an Athenian vase-painter, whose name is found inscribed on a lecythus made by Hilinos, PTERAS. in the following form, *2IAX2 EAPA*2EN. (R. Rochette, Ijettre a M. Schorn^ pp. 53, 54 ; comp. pp. 47, 48.) [P. S.] PSILAS (VtAas), i. e. " the giver of wings," or " the unbearded," a surname of Dionysus, under which he was worshipped at Amyclae. (Pans. iii. .%6; Lobeck ad Phrynick. p. 435.) [L. S.] PSOPHIS (^a)(/)fs), the founder of the town of Psophis in Arcadia, was, according to some, a son of Arrhon, but, according to others, Psopliis was a woman, a daughter of Xanthus or of Eryx. (Pans, viii. 24. § 1.) [L. S.] PSYCHE (^uX'fX that is, "breath" or "the soul," occurs in the later times of antiquity, as a personification of the human soul, and Apuleius (Met. iv. 28, &c.) relates about her the following beautiful allegoric story. Psyche was the youngest of the three daughters of some king, and excited by her beauty the jealousy and envy of Venus. In order to avenge herself, the goddess ordered Amor to inspire Psyche with a love for the most con- temptible of all men : but Amor was so stricken with her beauty that he himself fell in love with her. He accordingly conveyed her to some charm- ing place, where he, unseen and unknown, visited her every night, and left her as soon as the day began to dawn. Psyche might have continued to have enjoyed without interruption this state of happiness, if she had attended to the advice of her beloved, never to give way to her curiosity, or to inquire who he was. But her jealous sisters made her believe that in the darkness of night she was embracing some hideous monster, and accordingly once, while Amor was asleep, she approached him with a lamp, and, to her amazement, she beheld the most handsome and lovely of the gods. In her excitement of joy and fear, a drop of hot oil fell from her lamp upon his shoulder. This awoke Amor, who censured her for her mistrust, and escaped. Psyche's peace was now gone all at once, and after having attempted in vain to throw herself into a river, she wandered about from temple to temple, inquiring after her beloved, and at length came to the palace of Venus. There her real sufferings began, for Venus retained her, treated her as a slave, and im- posed upon her the hardest and most humiliating labours. Psyche would have perished under the weight of her sufferings, had not Amor, who still loved her in secret, invisibly comforted and assisted her in her labours. With his aid she at last suc- ceeded in overcoming the jealousy and hatred of Venus ; she became immortal, and was united with him for ever. It is not difficult to recognise in this lovely story the idea of which it is merely the mythical embodiment, for Psyche is evidently the human soul, which is purified by passions and mis- fortunes, and is thus prepared for the enjoyment of true and pure happiness. (Comp. Manso, VersucJie, p. 346, &c.) In works of art Psyche is represented as a maiden with the wings of a butterfly, along with Amor in the different situations described in the allegoric story. (Hirt, Mythol. Bilderb. p. 222, Tafel. 32.) [L. S.] PSYCHRISTUS, JACOBUS. [Jacobus, No. L] PTERAS (nreVos), of Delphi, a mythical artist, who was said to have built the second temple of Apollo at Delphi. The tradition was that the first temple was made of branches of the wild laurel from Tempo ; and that the second was made by bees, of wax and bees' wings. The name