Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/312

Rh 300 PHILOCHORUS. was said to have made, was really the work of PoIHo, as we can hardly imagine that the latter would have drawn up an abridgement, when one was already in existence, compiled by the author himself ; but to this it has been replied that Pollio's epitome was intended for the Romans, while the one made by Philochorus himself was, of course, designed for the Greeks. 3. Upos Tr}v At/iixoovos 'At0iSo or v Trpoy At^- fiwva di^TLypa^-n (comp. Harpocrat. s. v. 'UeTiwula). It is stated by Vossius (ibid. p. 155), and repeated by subsequent writers, that Philochorus wrote his Atthis against Demon's ; but this is hardly war- ranted by the words either of Suidas or Harpo- cration. It would appear only that Philochorus wrote a separate treatise, under the title given above, to point out the errors of Demon. 4. Uepl t£v 'MrivT)<n dp^ivruiv diro Sw/fporf- Sov yttexpi ^AiroWoStipov. Socratides was archon B. c .374 ; there are two archons of the name of Apollodorus, one B. c. 350, the other B. c. 319 ; of these the latter is probably the one intended, be- cause, from the year B. c. 319 began the contem- porary portion of his history. This work appears to have been intended to remove difficulties in the way of the chronology of that period, and was thus preparatory to his history. 5. 'OKvfxiridSes eu fii€loLS j8'. Philochorus, in his Atthis, did not use the Olympiads as a reckon- ing of time ; but, as he paid particular attention to chronology, he drew up this work, probably in- fluenced by the example of Timaeus. 6. Uepl TTJs TerpaTToAews, that is, the towns of Oenoe, Marathon, Probalinthus, and Tricorythus. (Athen. vi. p. 235. d. ; Suid. s.v. TiraflSa yrjv ; Schol. ad Soph. Oed. Col. 1102.) 7. ^ETTiypdixjxara ArriKa, that is, a collection of Attic inscriptions, and no doubt chiefly such as served to elucidate the history of Attica. (Comp. Bockh, Corp. Inscr. vol. i. p. viii.) 8. 'HTretpojTtK^, omitted by Suidas in his list of the works of Philochorus, but mentioned by the lexicographer in another passage (s. v. Bovxera ; comp. Strab. vii. p. 379). 9. ArjAiaKa, fii§ia ff. (Clem. Alex. Adman, ad Gent. pp. 1 8, d. 30, d. ed. Sylb.) 1 0. Ilepl Twv "'Adrivriffi dywvwv fii€Kla i^. (Comp. Krause, Olympia, p. xi.) 1 1 . Tlepl iopTwy, omitted by Suidas, but quoted by Harpocration (s. vv. 'A£a, XjJrpoj). 12. Ilept 7);uepwj/, also omitted by Suidas. It gave an account of the sacred days, and explained the reason of their sanctity. (Proclus, ad Ues. Op. 770.) ] 3. Ilepl ^v(Tiwv a a book of a similar nature to the preceding, giving an account of sacrifices. 14. Ilepl fxavTLKris 8'. In this work Philo- chorus made a collection of the ancient oracles, and explained the various modes of Divinatio (Clem. Alex. Strom, i. p. 334, d. Sylb. ; Athen. xiv. p. 648, d.). The Ilepl (rv/ji.€6wv, mentioned by Suidas as a separate work, was probably only part of the Ilepl fxavTiKTJs^ since avfiSoKa are only a species of divinatio. 15. riepl Kadapfxav., probably contained a col- lection of the Kadapfioi^ purifications or expiations, which Musaeus and Orpheus are said to have in- vented. 16. Tlepl fivaTTjpiwv rwv ^AQi/ivTjari. 17. Ilepl 'AKKfidvos. 18. Utpl Tuy 'io<poKovs fiiOwy fiiSla e'. PHILOCLES. 1 9. Ilepl Eupm/Soy, gave an account of the life of Euripides, vindicated him from the attacks which had been made against him, and explained the principles on which his tragedies were con- structed. (Suidas, s. v. EwpiTrtSrjs ; Diog. Laert. ii. 44, ix. 55 ; Gell. xv. 20.) 20. "Swaywyri i^pcctdwv^ i^rot HuOayopelwv yv- vaiKuv^ probably gave an account of the lives of the illustrious Pythagorean women, such as Theano, Melissa, &c. 21. 'H irpbs "AXxrroy ^iricrToKifi^ seems to have related to some points connected with the worship of the gods. (Phot. Lex. s. v. TpoirrjXis.) 22. 'ETTiTO/Ui) TTJS Aiovvaiov Trpay/xarelas trepl lepuu. It is uncertain who this Dionysius was. 23. ^aaix7vos ktIo-is. {Philochori Atheniensis Librorum Fragmenta a Lenzio colleda, ed. Siebelis, Lips. 1811; Frag- menta Historicorum Graecorum, ed. Car. et Theod. Muller, Paris, 1841, pp. Ixxxiv. &c. IxxxviiL &c. 384, &c.) PHI'LOCLES {^iXoKXrjs), historical. 1. An Athenian, who, together with Adeimantus, Avas joined with Conon in the command of the fleet on the deposition of the generals who had conquered at Arginusae (b.c. 406). Philocles was the author of the proposal for the mutilation of all the prisoners who should be taken in the sea-fight which the Athenians contemplated ; but it seems doubtful whether the decree in question was passed in an assembly at Athens, or in one held at Aegospotami before the battle ; also whether it determined on the amputation of the right thumb, according to Plutarch, or the right hand, as Xenophon tells us. The same spirit of cruelty was exhibited by Phi- locles on the capture of a Corinthian and Andrian trireme, the crews of which he ordered to be thrown down a precipice. In retribution for these deeds he was slain at Lampsacus by Lysander, into whose hands he had fallen at the battle of Aegospotami in B. c. 405 (Xen. Hell. i. 7. § 1, ii. 1. §§ 30—32 ; Diod. xiii. 104—106 ; Plut. Xys. 9, 13 ; comp. Cic. de Of. iii. H ; Ael. V. H. ii. 9 ; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. iv. pp. 148, &c.) 2. An officer and friend of Philip V. of Macedon. In B. c. 200, when Philip was compelled by At- tains I. and the Rhodians to winter in Caria, Philocles was with him, and formed a plan, which did not, however, succeed, for gaining possession of the town of Mylasa. In the same year he was sent by Philip into Attica to ravage the country, and made an unsuccessful attempt on Eleusis, and also afterwards, in conjunction with Philip, on Athens and the Peiraeeus. In B.C. 198 he was stationed at Chalcis in Euboea, and failed in an endeavour to succour Eretria, which the combined forces of the Romans, the Rhodians, and Attains were besieging, and which was taken by them very shortly after the repulse of Philocles. In the same year, however, he compelled L. Quintius Flamininus and Attains to raise the siege of Co- rinth, having brought up through Boeotia to the promontory of Juno Acraea, just opposite Sicyon, a reinforcement of 1500 men ; and in consequence of this success he was invited to Argos by the Macedonian party in the town, and made himself master of it. In the war between Prusias and ' Eumenes II. of Pergamus, Philip sided with the former, and sent Philocles to his court to negotiate with hira, and also to Rome to explain and defend his conduct. In b. c. 184 Philocles and Apelles