Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/302

Rh 290 PHILIPPUS. in Locris, were used by the astronomers Hippar- chus, Geminus the Rhodian, and Ptolemy. He is said by Stephanus of Byzantium {De Urhilms s. V. Medme) to have written a treatise on the winds. He is mentioned by several ancient writers, as Vitruvius (Architect, ix. 7, s. ut alii 4), Pliny the elder (//. N. xviii. 31. s. 74), Plutarch (Quod non possit suaviter vivi secund. Epicur. Opera, vol. x. p. 500, ed. Reiske), who states that he demonstrated the figure of the moon ; Proclus (In I. Euclid. Element. Lib. Commentar .)., and Alexander Aphrodisiensis. In the Latin version of Proclus, by Franc. Barocius (lib. ii. c. 4), Philip is called Mendaeus, which is doubtless an error either of the printer or translator, or perhaps of the MS. which he used. Mende was in Mace- donia, in the peninsula of Pallene. Fabricius also states that " Philippus Mendaeus extracted and explained all the mathematical passages which he had noticed in the works of his instructor Plato ;" but he does not give his authority for the state- ment. Mendaeus is here, too, an evident error for Medmaeus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.^ vol. iv. p. 10, vol. vi, p. 243.) 17. Megaricus (d Me7opi/cds), i.e. the Me- GARic Philosopher [comp. Eucleides of Me- gara]. Diogenes Laertins (ii. 113) has given an extract from a work of this Philip, containing some account of Stilpo of Megara [Stilpo], who lived during the struggles of the successors of Alexander the Great. 18. Mendaeus. [No. 16.] 19. Of Opus. Suidas (s. v. ^LX6cro<pos) has this remarkable passage: ", a philosopher who divided the Leges (s. De Legibus) of Plato into twelve books (for he is said to have added the thirteenth himself), and was a hearer of Socrates and of Plato himself ; devoting himself to the con- templation of the heavens ((Txo'^'^'y''-'i tois fiereco- pois). He lived in the days of Philip of Macedon." Suidas then gives a long list of works written by Philip. It is evident that the passage as it stands in Suidas is imperfect, and that the name of the author of the numerous works which he mentions has been lost from the commencement of the passage. It appears, however, from the extract occupying its proper place in the Lexicon accord- ing to its present heading, that the defect existed in the source from which Suidas borrowed. Kuster, the editor of Suidas (not. in loc), after long inves- tigation, was enabled to supply the omission by comparing a passage in Diogenes Laertius (iii. 37), and to identify " the philosopher" of Suidas with Philip of the Locrian town of Opus, near the channel which separates Euboea from the main land. The passage in Laertius is as follows : " Some say that Philip the Opuntian transcribed his (Plato's) work, De Legibus, which was written in wax (i. e. on wooden tablets covered with a coat of wax). They say also that the 'Ettiuo/jlis, Epinomis (the thirteenth book of the De Legibus), is his," i. e. Philip's. The Epinomis, whether written by Philip or by Plato, is usually included among the works of the latter. [Plato.] Dio- genes Laertius elsewhere (iii. 46) enumerates Philip among the disciples of Plato. (Fabric. BiU. Graec. vol. iii. p. 104.) 20. Ori Apollinis Interpres (Voss. De Jlisioricis Graecis, lib. iii.). [Horapollo.] 21. Parodus, the Parodist. In a fragment of the Parodist, Matron [Matron], quoted by PHILIPPUS. Athenaeus, in which apparently there is an enu- meration of Parodists who had lived long before Matron, two or more writers of the name of Philip are mentioned, with the laudato/y epithet " emi- nent" (5iol T6 ^/AiTTTTot, "• uobiles Pliilippi") ; but of their country, works, or age, except that they lived long before (irdpoi, ''olim") Matron himself, who cannot be placed later than the time of Philip king of Macedon, nothing is known. 22. Presbyter. Genna^'ms [Be Viris Illustrih. c. 62) states that Philip the Presbyter was a dis- ciple of Jerome, and that he died in the reign of Marcian and Avitus over the Eastern and Western Empires respectively, i. e. A. D. 456. [Avitus ; Marcianus.] He wrote, 1. Comm£ntarius in Jobum ; 2. Familiares Epistolae, of which Gen- nadius, who had read them, speaks highly. These Epistolae have perished ; but a Commentarius m Jobum addressed to Nectarius has been several times printed, sometimes separately under the name of Philip (two editions, fol. and 4to. Basel, 1527), and sometimes under the name and among the works of Venerable Bede and of Jerome. Val- larsius and the Benedictine editors of Jerome give the Commentarius in their editions of that father (vol. V. p. 678, &c. ed. Benedict., vol. xi. col. 565, &c. ed. Vallars.), but not as his. The Prologus or Praefatio ad Nectarium are omitted, and the text differs very widely from that given in the Cologne edition of Bede (vol. iv. p. 447, &c.) fol. 1612, in which the work is given as Bede's, without any intimation of its doubtful authorship. Cave, Oudin, and Vallarsi agree in ascribing the work to Philip, though Vallarsi is not so decided in his opinion as the other two. (Gennad. I.e.; Cave, Hist. Liu. ad ann. 440, vol. i. p. 434 ; Oudin, De Scriptorib. Eccles. vol. i. col. 1165; Vallarsi, Opera Hieron. vol. iii. col. 825, &c., vol. xi. col. b^B, 566 ; Fabric. Biblioth. Med. et Infim. Latin. vol. V. p. 295, ed. Mansi.) 23. Of Prusa (d npovo-teus), a stoic philoso- pher, contemporary with Plutarch, who has intro- duced him as one of the speakers in his Sympos. (vii. quaest. 7.) 24. Rhetor. [No. 13.] 25. ScRiPTOR DE Agricultura. Athenaeus (iii.) mentions a Philippus, without any distinctive epithet, as the author of a work on Agriculture, either entitled Vi}p'yi.K6v, Georgicum, or similar to the work of Androtion, another writer on agricul- ture [Androtion], which bore that title. Nothing more is known of this Philip. 26. Of Side (6 'S.ihir-qs, or d StSerrjj, or d cmo 2i57js), a Christian writer of the first half of the fifth century. His birth must be placed in the latter part of the fourth century, but its exact date is not known. He was a native of Side in Pam- phylia, and according to his own accoimt in the fragment published by Dodwell (see below), when Rhodon, who succeeded Didymus in the charge of the Catechetical school of Alexandria, transferred that school to Side, Philip became one of his pupils. If we suppose Didymus to have retained the charge of the school tifl his death, A. d. 396 [Didymus, No. 4], at the advanced age of 86, the removal of the school cannot have taken place long before the close of the century, and we may infer that Philip's birth could scarcely have been earlier than A. d. 380. He was a kinsman of Troilus of Side, the rhetorician, who was tutor to Socrates the ecclesiastical historian, and was in-