Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/233

Rh PETRUS. fuerant eanles 7nissi. Facundus has preserved two passages of this in a Latin version in his Fro De- femiom Trium Capittdorum, lib. iv. c. 2, lib. xi. c. 2. These fragments of the works of Peter are given from Theodoret and Facundus, in the seventh volume of the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland. (Cave, Hist Lilt, ad ann. 371, vol. i. p. 254 ; Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. ix. p. 318 ; Galland. Bibliotheca Patrum, proleg. ad vol. vii. c. 6.) 3. Of Alexandria (3). [No. 22.] 4. Of Antioch (1). [No. 17.] 5. Of Antioch (2). Contemporary with Michael Cerularius, patriarch of Constantinople [Michakx,, No, 6], and Leo of Achridia [Leo, No. 2], and united with them in hostility to the Latin Church, was Petrus or Peter, the third patriarch of Antioch of that name in the current tables of the occupants of that see, which commence with the Apostle Peter. Peter obtained the patriarchate in the year 1053, and in the same year he sent synodical letters to the patriarchs of Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Constantinople, and to the pope, Leo IX., signifying his accession. Cave states that he sent to the pope " a profession of his faith," but it is probable that he has applied this term to the synodical letter, of which a Latin version appears among the letters of Leo IX. ; but Le Quien, who had in his possession the Greek text of these sy- nodical letters, complains of the great discrepancy between the Greek text and the Latin version. Two letters of Peter appear in Greek with a Latin version, in the Monumenta Ecclesiae Gi-aecae, of Cotelerius, vol. ii. pp. 112, 145. The first is en- titled Episiola ad Dominicum Gradenseni, and is an answer to Dominicus Gradensis s. Veiietus, pa- triarch of Venice or Aquileia, whose letter, in the collection of Cotelerius, precedes that of Peter ; the second is addressed to Michael Cerularius, Epistola ad Michaelem Cerularium, and is preceded by a letter of Michael to Peter, to which it is the answer. A considerable part of this letter had previously been published by Leo AUatius, in his De Consensu Ecclesiarum Orient, et Occidetit. lib. iii. c 12. § 4. According to Cave, Peter bitterly inveighed against the lives and doctrines of the Latin clergy, and especially against the addition of the words " filioque " to the creed ; while, accord- ing to Le Quien, he preserved a more impartial tone, and showed every where "a disposition averse to schism." There is extant in MS. at Vienna, another letter of Peter, Petri Episiola ad Joaniiem Tranensem in Apulia Episcopum, relating to the matters in dispute between the Eastern and Western Churches. (Cave, Hist. Lilt, ad ann. 1040, vol ii. p, 132 ; Oudin, Comment, de Scrip- torib. et Scriptis Eccles. vol. ii. col. 605 ; Lambec. Comment, de Biblioth. Caesaraea, lib. v. cod. ccxlvii. No8. 19, 20, 22, col. 261—265, ed. Kollar ; Le Quien, Oriens Christian, vol. ii, col. 754.) 6. Apostolus, the Apostle. Various apocry- phal writings were, in the earlier periods of the Church, circulated under the name of the Apostle Peter. I. Kard IleTpov EuayyeXiov., Evangelium Petri s. Evangelium secundum Petruin. This is mentioned by Origen {Commentar. in Matthaeum., torn, xi.), by Eusebius (//. E. iii. 3, 25, vi. 12), by Jerome {De Viris Illustrib. c. 1), by Theodoret {Haeret. FabuL Compend. ii. 2), who confounds it with the Evangelium, Nazaraeorum^ or Gospel used by the Nazarenes ; and, according to two MSS., but not according to the printed editions, PETRUS. 221 by Pope Gelasius {Decratum de TAbris ApocrypMs'). This Evangelium Petri must not be confounded with the Evangelium Infantiae^ which an Oriental tradition ascribes to Peter ; and still less with the canonical Gospel of Mark, which has sometimes been named after Peter, because supposed to have been written under his direction. The apocryphal Gospel of Peter is not extant. Serapion of An- tioch, a Christian writer near the close of the second century, wrote a refutation of the fables con- tained in it, by which some Christians at Rhossus in Syria had been led into heresy. Eusebius (//. E. vi. 12) quotes a passage of this work of Serapion. (Fabric. Cod. Apocryph. p. 137.) 2. Tlpd^eis TlfTpov, Actus s. Acta Petri. This work ,is men- tioned by Eusebius (H. E. iii. 3), by Jerome {I.e.), by Isidore of Pelusium (Epistol. ii. 99), and ap- parently by Philastrius (De Haeres. Ixxxvii.), who speaks of an apocryphal work of Peter as received by the Manichaeans. It is not unlikely that these Acta Petri were substantially identical with or incorporated in the Recognitiones Clementinae [Cle- mens RoMANUs] ; for Photius {Biblioth. codd, 1 12, 113) states that many copies of the Recognitiones were preceded by an introductory letter to James, the Lord's brother ('EirtcTToAT) Trpos tov aZ^<p6Qiov 'ldKu§ov, Epistola ad Fratrem Domini Jacobum)., of which there were two copies, one as from the Apostle Peter, stating that he had himself written his Upd^eis, Acta, and sent them to James, who had requested to have them ; the other, as from Clement, stating that he had written the Acta at the command of Peter. Photius con- jectured, with apparent reason, that there were two editions or copies of the Acta Petri, of which the one written as by himself had been lost, while the other, which was either the same with the Recog- nitiones, or was incorporated in them, had been generally diflfused. There is some room, however, to doubt the identity of the lost edition with the work mentioned by Eusebius and the other ancient writers. (Comp. Grabe, Spicilegium, vol. i. p. 7B.) 3. Epistola ad Fratrem Domini Jacobum, just mentioned. Turrianus, in his Apologia pro Epis- tolis Pontificum, published (lib. iv. c. 1, and lib. v. c. 23) a letter of Peter to James, which Cotelerius. in his Patres Apostolici, prefixed to the Clementina s. Homiliae Clemefdinae, a work which Cave appears justly to characterize as only another edition or form of the Recognitiones. We consider the 'Eiricr- toAt) TTpds 'laKwSov, Epistola ad Jacobum, published by Turrianus and Cotelerius, to be the one men- tioned by Photius ; though Fabricius, who has reprinted it in his Codex Apocryphus N. T. vol. ii. p. 997, &c. regards it as a different one. 4. Uhpov diroKoKv^LS, Petri Apocalypsis s, Revelatio. This work is mentioned by Eusebius {H.E. iii. 3), Jerome {I.e.), Sozomen {H. E. y. 19)., and in some copies of the SiicJiometria subjoined to the Chronographia of Nicephorus of Constantinople. It was cited by the heretic Theodotus, as appears from a passage in the "titoTviraxj^is, Hypotyposcs of Clemens of Alexandria, noticed by Eusebius {H.E.v. 14). Sozo.men {I.e.) states that the work was, in his time, read once a year in some of the churches in Palestine. A passage in Latin, cited by Jacobus de Vitriaco in the thirteenth cen- tury, as from the Apocalypsis Petri (apud Grabe, Spicilegium, vol. i. p. 76), must be from a much later work than that noticed by Clement, Eusebius, and Jerome, for it bears internal evidence of having