Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/189

Rh PELASGUS. cfiengescMchte^o.xv. ; Neander, KircliengescliichU'., vol. ii. ; Schbnemann. BM. Patrum Latinortim^ vol, ii. § 7 ; Bahr, Geschichte der Rom. Litterat. Suppl. Band. 2te Abtheil. §§ 136—138. See also the Dissertations of Wiggers and Geffken, &c., re- ferred to at the end of the article Cassianus. A translation of the work by Wiggers, " Versuch einer Pragmatischen Darstellung des Augustinismus und Pelagianismus, &c." by Professor Emerson, was published at New York, 8vo. 1840.) [W. R.] PELA'GIUS PATRI'CIUS. [Patricius, No. 5.] PE'LAGON {TleKdywv). 1. A son of Asopiis and Metope (iii. 12. § 6 ; Diod. iv. 72, who, however, calls him Pelasgus). 2. A son of Ampliidanias of Phocis. (Apollod. iii. 4. § 1 ; Pans. ix. 12. § 1 ; Schol. ad Eurip. Fhoen. 938.) 3. A Lycian and companion of Sarpedon, is mentioned among the Calydonian hunters. (Horn. //. V. 693 ; Ov. Met. viii' 300, &c.) 4. One of the suitors of Hippodameia. (Paus. vi. 21. § 7 ; Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1228.) 5. A Pylian. (Hom. //. iv. 295.) [L. S.] PELAGO'NIUS {UiXa-yuivios)., a writer on ve- terinary surgery, of whose works a few fragments only remain, which are to be found in the collection of writers on that subject, first published in Latin by J. Ruellius, Paris, 1530, fol, and afterwards in Greek, by S.Grynaeus, Basil. 1537, 4to. [W.A.G.] PELARGE {UeKapy/i), the daughter of Pot- neus, and wife of Isthmiades, was said to have instituted the orgies of the Boeotian Cabeiri. (Paus. ix. 25. § 6 ; comp. Cabeiri.) [L. S.] PELASGA or PELASGIS (Yl^Kacryls), i. e. the Pelasgian (woman or goddess), occurs as a surname of the Thessalian Hera (ApoUon. Rhod. i. 14, with the Schol. ; Propert. ii. 28. 11), and of Demeter, who, under this name, had a temple at Argos, and was believed to have derived the sur- name from Pelasgus, the son of Triopas, who had founded her sanctuary. .(Paus. ii. 22. § 2.) [L. S.] PELASGUS (n6Aa(r7os), the mythical an- cestor of the Pelasgians, the earliest inhabitants of Greece who established the worship of the Dodo- naean Zeus, Hephaestus, the Cabeiri, and otlier divinities that belong to the earliest inhabitants of the country. In the different parts of the country once occupied by Pelasgians, there existed dif- ferent traditions as to the origin and connection of Pelasgus. 1. According to the Arcadian tradi- tion, he was either an Autochthon (Paus. ii. 14. § 3, viii. 1. § 2 ; Hes. ap. Apollod. ii. 1. § 1), or a son of Zeus by Niobe ; and the Oceanide Meli- boea, the nymph Cyllene, or Deianeira, became by him the mother of Lycaon. (Apollod. I. c, iii. 8. § 1 ; Hygin. Fab. 225 ; Dionys. Hal. i. 11, 13.) According to others, again, Pelasgus was a son of Arestor, and grandson of lasus, and inmiigrated into Arcadia, where he founded the town of Par- rhasia. (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 1642 ; Stcph. Byz. s. V. Uappaa-ia.) 2. In Argos, Pelasgus was believed to have been a son of Triopas and Sois, and a brother of lasus, Agenor, and Xanthus, or a son of Phoroneus, and to have founded the city of Argos in Peloponnesus, to have taught the people agriculture, and to have received Demeter, on her wanderings, at Argos, where his tomb was shywn in later times. (Paus. i. 14. § 2, ii. 22. § 2 j Schol. ad Euriji. Orest. 920 ; Eustath. ac? Horn. p. 385 ; comp. Pelasga.) VOL. IlL PELEUS. 177 3. In Thessaly, Pelasgus was described as the father of Chlorus, and as the grandfather of Hae- mon, or as the fetherof Haemon,and as the grand- father of Thessalus (Steph. Byz. s. r. AlfuLovia ; Schol. ad Apollon. RJiod. iii. 1089 ; Dionys. Hal! i. 17), or again as a son of Poseidon and Larissa, and as the founder of the Thessalian Argos. (Dionys. I.e.; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 321 ; comp. Clinton, Fast. Hell. vol. i. p. 9, &c.) [L. S.] PELEIDES, PELIDES (nr/Aei'STjs, nrjXeiW), a patronymic from Peleus, by which his son Achilles is frequently designated. (Hom. //. i. 146, 188, 197, 277 ; Ov. Met. xii. 605.) [L. S.] PELETHRO'NIUS, the reputed inventor of the bridle and saddle for horses. (Plin. Hist. Nat. vii. 56 : Hygin. Fab. 274.) [L. S.] PELEUS (riTjAeus), a son of Aeacus and En- deis, was king of the Myrmidons at Phthia in Thessaly. (Hom. II. xxiv. 535.) He was a brother of Telamon, and step- brother of Phocus, the son of Aeacus, by the Nereid Psamathe. (Comp. Hom. II. xvi. 15, xxi. 189 ; Ov. Met. vii. 477, xii. 365 ; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 869, iv. 853 ; Orph. Argon. 130.) According to some, Telamon was not a brother, but only a friend of Peleus. (Apollod. iii. 12. § 6.) Peleus and Telamon re- solved to get rid of their step-brother Phocus, because he excelled them in their military games, and Telamon killed him with a disk which he threw at him. The two brothers concealed their crime by removing the body of Phocus, but were nevertheless found out, and expelled by Aeacus from Aegina. (Apollod. iii. 12. § 6 ; comp. Herat, ad Pison. QQ.) According to some, Peleus murdered Phocus (Diod. iv. 72 ; comp. Paus. ii. 29. $ 7, X. 30. $ 2), while others combine the two statements by saying that Peleus threw down Phocus with a disk, while Telamon despatched him with his sword. (Tzetz. ad Lye. 175.) After being exiled from Aegina, Peleus went to Phthia in Thessaly, where he was purified from the nmr- der by Eurytion, the son of Actor, married his daughter Antigone, and received with her a third of Eurytion's kingdom, (Hom. //. xvi. 175 ; Apollod. iii. 13. § 1.) Others relate that he went to Ceyx at Trachis (Ov. Met. xi. 266, &c) ; and as he had come to Thessaly without companions, he prayed to Zeus for an army, and the god, to please Peleus, metamorphosed the ants (i^iv^/xriKes) into men, who were accord inglj^ called Myrmidons, (Tzetz. ad Lye. 175.) By Antigone, Peleus is said to have become the father of Polydom and Achilles. (Eustath. ad Horn. p. 321.) Peleus accompanied Eurytion to the Calydonian hunt, and involuntarily killed him with his spear, in consequence of which he fled from Phthia to lol- cus, where he w^as jigain purified by Acastus, (Apollod, iii. 12. § 2 ; comp. Ov. Fast. ii. 39, &c.) According to others (Tzet. ad Lye. 175, 901), Peleus slew Actor, the son of Acastus, At the funeral games of Pelias, Peleus contended with Atalante, but was conquered (Apollod, iii. 9. §2), whereas, according to Hyginus [Fab. 273) he gained the prize in wrestling. During his stay at lolcus, Astydameia, the wife of Acastus, fell in love with him, and made proposals to him, which he rejected. In order to take vengeance on him, she sent a message to his wife at Plithia, that he was on the point of marrying Sterope, the daughter of Acastus. On receiving this information, the wife of Peleus hung herself. Astydameia further