Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/145

Rh PASITELES. the wealth of Pasion. His landed property jimoiiiited, we are told, to about 20 talents, or 4875/. •, besides this he had out at interest more than 50 talents of his own (12,187/. 10s.), together with 11 talents, or 2681/. 5s., of borrowed money. His annual income from his banking business was 100 niinae, or 406/. 5s., and from his shield manu- factory 1 talent, or 243/. 15s. (Dem. pro Phorm. pp. 945, &c., c. StepL i. p. 1110, &c.) His elder son, ApoUodorus, grievously diminished his patri- mony by extravagance and law-suits. (Dem. pro PItorm. p. 958.) On Pasion, see further, Dem. c.Aphoh.'i. p. 816, c. Nicostr. p. 1249; Bockh, Publ. Econ. of AtJiens, Book i. chap. 12, 22, 24, iv. 3, 17 ; Rehdantz, Vit. Iph. Clmhr. Tim. vi. § 8. [E. K] PASI'PHAE {naffKpari). 1. A daughter of Helios and Perseis, and a sister of Circe and Aeetes, was the wife of Minos, by whom she was the mother of Androgeos, Catreus, Deucalion, Glaucus, Minotaunis, Acalle, Xenodice, Ariadne, and Phaedra. (Apollon. Rhod. iii. dQQ, &c. ; Apollod. i. 9. § 1, iii. 1. § 2 ; Ov. Met. xv. 501 ; Cic. De Nat. Deor. iii. 19 ; Pans. v. 25. § 9.) 2. An oracular goddess at Thalamae in Laconia, was believed to be a daughter of Atlas, or to be the same as Cassandra or Daphne, the daughter of Amyclas. People used to sleep in her temple for the purpose of receiving revelations in dreams. (Plut. Agis, 9 ; Cic. De Div. i. 43.) [L. S.] PASrPHILUS {Ua(ri<pios), a general of Aga- thocles, the tyrant of Syracuse, who was despatched by him with an army against Messana, where the Syracusan exiles had taken refuge. Pasiphilus de- feated the Messanians, and compelled them to expel the exiles. (Diod. xix. 102.) He was shortly after sent a second time (together with Demophi- lus) to oppose the exiles, who had assembled a large force under Deinocrates and Philonides, and attacked and totally defeated them near Galaria, (Id. ib. 104.) At a subsequent period (b. c. 306), the disasters sustained by Agathocles in Africa induced Pasiphilus to despair of his cause, and he went over to Deinocrates, with the whole force under his command. But his treachery was justly punished, for the following year Deinocrates, hav- ing, in his turn, betrayed his associates, and made a separate peace with Agathocles, caused Pasi- philus to be arrested and put to death at Gela, B. c. 305. (Id. XX. 77, 90.) [E. H. B.] PASI'PPIDAS (nao-iTTTTtSas), a Lacedaemonian, was employed, in B. c. 410, after the battle of Cy- zicus, in collecting ships from the allies, and appears to have been at Thasos when that island revolted from Sparta in the same year, for he was banished on an accusation of having joined with Tissaphernes in effecting the revolution. He did not, however, remain long in exile, since he is mentioned as the head of some ambassadors sent from Sparta to the Persian court, in b. c. 408, to counteract a rival embassy from Athens, which was also proceeding thither. The envoys, however, did not advance further than Gordium in Phrygia ; for early in the next spring, B. c. 407, as they were resuming their journey, they met another Lacedaemonian embassy returning from the king, with the intelligence that they had already obtained from him all they wanted. (Xen. HeU. i. 1. § 32, 3. § 13, 4. § 1.) [E.E.] PASI'TELES (nao-iTeATjs). 1. A statuary, who flourished about 01. 78, B. c. 468, and was the teacher of Colotes (Paus. i. 20. § 2). We know PASITELES. 133 nothing further of him ; and, in fact, we should be unable to distinguish him from the younger Pasi- teles, were it not for the almost decisive evidence that the Colotes here referred to was the same as the Colotes who was contemporary with Pheidias (see Colotes, and Sillig, Catal. Artif. s. v. Colotes), Some writers, as Heyne, Hirt, and MUller, imagine only one Pasiteles, and two artists named Colotes, but Thiersch (EpocJien, p. 295) attempts to get over the difficulty by reading Upa^iTiKov and -tj for Uaa-iTfKov, &c., in the passage of Pausanias. It is true that the names are often confounded ; but the emendation does not remove the difficulty, which lies in the fact that Colotes was contempo- rary with Pheidias ; besides, it is opposed to the critical canon. Lectio insolentior, &c. 2. A statuary, sculptor, and silver-chaser, of the highest distinction {in omnibus his summus, Plin. //. A^. XXXV. 12. s. 45), flourished at Rome, in the last years of the republic. He was a native of Magna Graecia, and obtained the Roman franchise, with his countrymen, in B. c. 90, when he must have been very young, since he made statues for the temple of Juno, in the portico of Octavia, which was built out of the Dalmatic spoils, in B. c. 33 ; so that he must have flourished from about B. c. 60 to about b. c. 30 (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. §§ 10, 12). This agrees very well with Pliny's statement, in another place, that he flourished about the time of Pompey the Great {H. N. xxxiii. 12. 8. 55). Pasiteles was evidently one of the most distin- guished of the Greek artists who flourished at Rome during the period of the revival of art. It is recorded of him, by his contemporary Varro, that he never executed any work of which he had not previously made a complete model, and that he called the plastic art the mother of statuary in all its branches {Lavdat [M. Varro] et Pasitelem, qui plasticem matrem caelaturae et statuariae scalpiurae- que esse dixit, et cum esset in omnibus his summus, nihil unquam fecit antequam fimcit : Pliny, H. N, XXXV. 12. s. 45). Pliny tells us of an incident which proves the care with which Pasiteles studied from nature : as he was sitting in front of the cage of a lion, which he was copying on silver, he was nearly killed by a panther, which broke loose from a neighbouring cage {H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. § 12). He is mentioned with distinction, in the lists ot the silver-chasers and sculptors, by Pliny, who says that he executed very many works, but that the names of them were not recorded. The only work of his which Pliny mentions by name is the ivoiy statue of Jupiter, in the temple of Marcellus (/. c. § 10). Pasiteles occupies also an important place among the writers on art. He was the author of five books upon the celebrated works of sculpture and chasing in the whole world {quinque volumina nobi- lium operum in toto orbe ; Plin. I.e. § 12), which Pliny calls mirabilia opera, and which he used as one of his chief authorities {Elench. lib. xxxiii. xxxvi.). He stood also at the head of a school of artists, as we find from extant inscriptions, which mention Stephanus, the disciple of Pasiteles, and Me- nelaus, the disciple of Stephanus. [Stephanus.] The MSS. of Pliny vary between the readings Pasiteles and Praxiteles in the passages quoted, in consequence of the well-known habit of writing x for s. (See Oberlin, Praef ad Tac. vol. i. p. xv.) Sillig has shown that Pasiteles is the true reading, K 3