Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/1357

Rh GREEK HISTORY. 1345 The Phocians seize Delphi. Commencement of the Sacred War. The Thebans and the Locrians are the chief opponents of the Phocians. Dion sails from Zacynthus and lands in Sicily about September. Death of Democritus, aet. ] 04, of Hippo- crates, aet. ] 04, and of the poet Timothens. Second year of the Social War. Birth of Alexander, the son of Philip and 01ympias,at the time of the Olympic games. Potidaea taken by Philip, who gives it to Olynthus. Dionysius the younger expelled from Syracuse by Dion, after a reign of 1 2 years. Philistus, the historian, espouses the side of Dionysius, but is defeated and slain. The speech of Isocrates Dc Pace. Third and last year of the Social War. Peace concluded between Athens and her former allies. Trial and condemnation of Timothens. Demosthenes begins to speak in the as- semblies of the people. Philip seizes upon Pagasae, and begins to besiege Methone. Death of Dion. Philip takes Methone and enters Thessaly. He defeats and slays Onomarchus, the Phocian general, expels the tj^rants from Pherae, and becomes master of Thessaly. He attempts to pass Thermopylae, but is prevented by the Athenians. War between Lacedaemon and Megalo- polis. The first Philippic of Demosthenes. Speech of Demosthenes for the Rho- dians. The Olynthians attacked by Philip, ask succour from Athens. The Olynthiac orations of Demosthenes. Olynthian war continued. The speech of Demosthenes against Meidias. Olynthus taken and destroyed by Philip. Death of Plato, aet. 82. Speusippus suc- ceeds Plato. Aristotle, upon the death of Plato, went to Atarneus. Anaxandrides, the comic poet, exhibits. Peace between Philip and the Athenians. Philip overruns Phocis and brings the Sacred War to an end, after it had lasted ten years. All the Phocian cities, except Abae, were destroyed. Oration of Isocrates to Philip. Oration of Demosthenes on the Peace. Speech of Aeschines against Timarchus. Timoleon sails from Corinth to Syracuse, to expel the tyrant Dionysius. Aristotle, after three years' stay at Atar- neus, went to My til en e. The second Philippic of Demosthenes. Timoleon completes the conquest of Syracuse. Dionysius was thus finally expelled. He had regained the sovereignty after his I first expulsion by Dion. i Disputes between Philip and the Athenians. An Athenian expedition is sent into Acar- nania to counteract Philip, who was in that country, voi. in. B.C. 342 341 340 339 338 3.37 336 335 334 333 332 331 The speech of Demosthenes respecting Halonnesus. The speeches of Demosthenes and Aes- I chines Ilepi Tiapairp^crSe'ia';. Philip's expedition to Thrace. He is opposed by Diopithes, the Athenian general at the Chersonesus. Aristotle comes to the court of Philip. Death of Menander. Isocrates, aet. 94, began to compose the Panathenaic oration. Philip is still in Thrace, where he wintered. The oration of Demosthenes on the Chersonesus, in which he vindicates the conduct of Diopithes, and the third and fourth Philippics. Birth of Epicurus. Philip besieges Selymbria, Perinthus, and Byzantium. Isocrates completes the Panathenaic oration. See B. c. 342. Ephorus brought down his history to the siege of Perinthus. Renewal of the war between Philip and the Athenians. Phocion compels Philip to raise the siege, both of Byzantium and Perinthus. Xenocrates succeeds Speusippus at the Academy. Philip is chosen general of the Amphictyons to carry on the war against Amphissa. He marches through Thermopylae and seizes Elateia. The Athenians form an al- liance with the Thebans ; but their united forces are defeated by Philip at the battle of Chaeroneia, fought on the 7th of Meta- geitnion (August). Philip becomes master of Greece. Congress at Corinth, in which war is declared by Greece against Persia and Philip appointed to conduct it. Death of Isocrates, aet. 98. Death of Timoleon. Murder of Philip, and accession of his son Alexander, aet. 20. Deinarchus aet. 26 began to compose orations. Alexander marches against the Thracians, Triballi, and Illyrians. While he is en- gaged in this war, Thebes revolts. He forthwith marches southwards, and de- stroys Thebes. Philippides, the comic poet, flourished. Alexander commences the war against Persia. He crosses the Hellespont in the spring, defeats the Persian satraps at the Granicus in the month Thargelion (May), and con- quers the western part of Asia Minor. Aristotle returns to Athens. Alexander subdues Lycia in the winter, col- lects his forces at Gordium in the spring, and defeats Dareius at Issus late in the autumn. Alexander takes Tyre, after a siege of seven months in Hecatombaeon (July). He takes Gaza in September, and then marches into Egypt, which submits to him. In the winter he visits the oracle of Ammon, and gives orders for the foundation of Alexandria. Stephanus, the comic poet, flourished. Alexander sets out from Memphis in the 4 R