Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/1355

Rh GREEK HISTORY. 1343 B.C. tain possession of Athens before Heca- tombaeon (Jul}') ; but the contest between the parties was not finally concluded till Boedromion (September). The date of the amnesty, by which the exiles were re- stored, was the 1 2th of Boedromion. Eu- clides was archon at the time. Thucydides, aet. 68, Lysias and Ando- cides return to Athens. Expedition of Cyrus against his brother Artaxerxes. He falls in the battle of Cu- naxa, which was fought in the autumn. His Greek auxiliaries commence their re- turn to Greece, usually called the retreat of the Ten Thousand. First year of the war of Lacedaemon and Elis. Xenophon accompanied Cyrus, and after- wards Avas the principal general of the Greeks in their retreat. Ctesias, the historian, was physician at the court of Artaxerxes at this time. The Oedipus at Coloniis of Sophocles exhibited after his death by his grandson Sophocles. See B. c. 405. Telestes gains a dithyrambic prize. Return of the Ten Thousand to Greece. Second year of the war of Lacedaemon and Elis. The speech of Andocides on the Mys- teries : he is now about 67 years of age. The Lacedaemonians send Thimbron with an army to assist the Greek cities in Asia against Tis«aphernes and Pharnabazus. The remainder of the Ten Thousand in- corporated with the troops of Thimbron. In the autumn Thimbron was superseded by Dercyllidas. Third and last year of the war of Lacedae- mon and Elis. Death of Socrates, aet. 70. Plato withdraws to Megara. Dercyllidas continues the war in Asia with success. Ctesias brought his Persian History down to this year. " Astydamas, the tragic poet, first ex- hibits. Philoxenus, Timotheus, and Telestes, flourished. Dercyllidas still continues the war in Asia. Agesilaus supersedes Dercyllidas. First cam- paign of Agesilaus in Asia. He winters at Ephesus. Sophocles, the grandson of the great Sophocles, begins to exhibit this year in his own name. See B. c. 40L Xenocrates, the philosopher, bom. Second campaign of Agesilaus in Asia. He defeats Tissaphemes, and becomes master of Western Asia. Tissaphemes super- seded by Tithraustes, who sends envoys into Greece to induce the Greek states to declare war against Lacedaemon. Com- mencement of the war of the Greek states against Lacedaemon. Lysander slain at Haliartus. Plato, aet. 34, returns to Athens. Agesilaus recalled from Asia to fight against the Greek states, who had declared war 393 392 391 390 389 388 387 386 385 384 382 381 against Lacedaemon. He passed the Hel- lespont about midsummer, and was at the entrance of Boeotia on the 14th of August. He defeats the allied forces at Coroneia. A little before the latter battle the Lace- daemonians also gained a victorj'' near Corinth ; but about the same time Conon, the Athenian admiral, and Pharnabazus, gained a decisive victory over Peisander, the Spartan admiral, off Cnidus. Xenophon accompanied Agesilaus from Asia and fought against his country at Coroneia. He was in consequence ban- ished from Athens. He retired under Lacedaemonian protection to Scillus, where he composed his works. Theopompus brought his history down to this year. It embraced a period of 1 7 years, from the battle of Cynossema, B. c. 411, to the battle of Cnidos, b. c. 394. Sedition at Corinth and victory of the Lace- daemonians at Lechaeum. Pharnabazus and Conon ravage the coasts of Pelo- ponnesus. Conon begins to restore the long walls of Athens and the fortifications of the Peiraeeus. The Lacedaemonians under Agesilaus ra- vage the Corinthian territory, but a Spar- tan mora is cut to pieces by Iphicrates. The Ecclesiazusae of Aristophanes. Expedition of Agesilaus into Acarnania. Speech of Andocides " On the Peace." He is banished, Plato, the comic poet, exhibits. Expedition of Agesipolis into Argolis. The Persians again espouse the cause of the Lacedaemonians, and Conon is thrown into prison. The Athenians assist Evagoras, of Cypms, against the Persians. Thrasy- bulus, the Athenian commander, is de- feated and slain by the Lacedaemonian Teleutias at Aspendus. Agyrrhius sent as the successor of Thrasy- bulus to Aspendus and Iphicrates to the Hellespont. Plato, aet. 40, goes to Sicily : the first of the three voyages. Aeschines born about this time. Antalcidas, the Lacedaemonian commander on the Asiatic coast, opposed to Iphicrates and Chabrias. The second edition of the Plutus of Aristophanes. The peace of Antalcidas. Antiphanes, the comic poet, begins to exhibit. Restoration of Plataeae, and independence of the towns of Boeotia. Destruction of Mantineia by the Lacedae- monians under Agesipolis. Great sea-fight between Evagoras and the Persians. Birth of Aristotle. First year of the Olynthian war. The Lace- daemonians commanded by Teleutias. Phoebidas seizes the Cadmeia, the citadel of Thebes. This was before Teleutias marched to Olynthus. Birth of Demosthenes. Second year of the Olynthian war. Teleutias