Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/1189

Rh TROS. Boner, to be strar.gled (Diet. Cret. iv. 9), or that Troilus, when fleeing from Achilles, ran into the temple of the Thymbraean Apollo, where Achilles slew him on the same spot where he himself was afterwards killed. (Tzetz. ad Lye. 307.) [L. S.] TRO'ILUS (TpwtAos), a sophist of some dis- tinction, who taught at Constantinople, under Arcadius and Honoriiis, at the beginning of the fifth century of our era, was a native of Side in Pamphylia. Among his disciples were Eusebius Scholasticus, Ablabius, a Novatian bishop of Ni- caea, and Silvanus, bishop of Philippopolis. He wrote, according to Suidas, k6yoi iroAiTiKoi, and seven books of letters. (Socrat. II. E. vi. 6, vii. 1, 27 ; Suid. s. v. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 140 ; Clinton, Fast. Rom. s. aa. 401, 408.) There is an epigram in the Greek Anthology on the athlete Lyron, ascribed to a grammarian Troilus, whom Schneider and Jacobs identify with the Sophist ; though Fabricius supposes the two per- sons to be different, without stating his reason. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. i. p. 498 ; Brunck, ^wa/. vol, ii. p. 450 ; Jacobs, Anlh. Graec. vol. iii. p. 155, vol. xiii. p. 962.) [P. S.] TRO'PHILUS (Tpo'(/)iAos), a physician quoted by Stobaeus {Flor. cii. 9), who said that he was a perfect physician who was able to distinguish what was possible from what was not. He may, perhaps, be the same person who wrote a book entitled ^vvaywy^ 'AKovafidrcau Qavfiaaijov, which is quoted by Stobaeus {ibid. c. 22 — 24)'. Fabricius says (Bill. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 439, ed. vet.) that Trophilus is also mentioned by Plutarch in his Salutaria Praecepta, and if this be so (for the writer has not been able to find the passage) he must have lived some time in or before the first century after Christ. [W. A. G.] TROTH I M US, a Greek statuary of the Roman period, who made an honorific statue of a Roman magistrate, erected by the college of Pastophori of the town of Industria, of which the artist was a citizen. The following is the inscription : — T. GRAB. TROPHIMUS IND. FAC. (Maffei, Mtis. Veron. p. ccxxx. 1 ; R. Rochette, Lettre a M. Schorn, pp. 419, 420, 2d ed.) [P. S.] TROPHON or GROPHON, is supposed to have been the maker of the statue of Ecphanto, the daughter of Zeus, the inscription belonging to which we still possess, namely, the Avell known Melian inscription. The last word of the inscrip- tion is TPOriHON, where it is not quite clear whether the first letter is T or T, but most scholars take it for the latter. The whole inscription runs thus, when the orthography is modernized : not Aihs 'EKcpauTw^ Se^ai t65' afj-efxcphs 6,yaixa, I ao yap eVei/xc^juet'os tovt' ireKeaae TpScpwv. (Welcker, Rliein.Mus. 1 848,vol.vi.p. 383.) [P. S.] I TROPHO'NIUS (Tpo(/)c;;;/ios),asonofErginus, I king of Orchomenus, or of Apollo. He with his brother Agamedes built the temple at Delphi and the treasury of king Hyrieus in Boeotia. (Horn. j Hymn, in Apoll. 29b" ; Paus. ix. 37 and 39; Strab. I ix. p. 421.) After his death he was worshipped I as a hero, and had a celebrated oracle in a cave I near Lebadeia in Boeotia. CHerod. i. 46 ; Strab. ' ix. p. 414; Eurip. /o«, 300 ; Aristoph. Nub. 502; cornp. Diet, of Antiq. s. v. Oraculum.) [L. S.] TROS (T/jws). 1. A son of Erichthonius and TRYPHIODORUS. 1177 Astyoche, and a grandson of Dardanus. He was married to Calirrhoe, by whom he became the father of Ilus, Assaracus and Ganymedes, and was king of Phrygia. (Horn. //. xx. 230.) The country and people of Troy derived their name from him. He gave up his son Ganymedes to Zeus for a present of horses. (Paus. v. 24. § 1; Apollod. iii. 12. § 2; comp. Ganymedes. ) 2. A Trojan, a son of Alastor, who was slain bv Achilles. (Hom. II. xx. 462.) [L. S.] " TRYPHAENA (Tpicpaiua). 1. Daughter of Ptolemaeus VII., surnained Euergetes II., mar- ried Antiochus VIII. (Grypus), king of Syria. Her sister Cleopatra was married to Antiochus IX. (Cyzicenus). In the civil wars between Grypus and Cyzicenus, Cleopatra fell into the power of the former, and was murdered by order of her own sister Tryphaena. Shortly afterwards Tryphaena was taken prisoner by Cyzicenus, who put her to death to avenge the murder of his wife. (Justin, xxxix. 3, 4 ) 2. Daughter of Ptolemaeus XI. Auletes, died in the life-time of her father. (Porphvr. ap. Euseb. p. 120.) TRYPHIODO'RUS {Tpv<pL65wpos), a Greek grammarian, was born in Egypt. Nothing more is known of his personal history. All that is known of the time when he lived is that he was later than Nestor of Laranda [Nestor], whom he imitated. Some place him as late as the fifth century. Of the grammatical labours of Tryphiodorus we have no records. He is known to us only as a versifier. Pie wrote a poem called MapaOwviaKo. ; another entitled Ta Ka0' 'liriroBdfieiav ; a third called 'OBv<raeia AeLTroypdfjLijLaTos. This was so called, according to Eustathius {Proleg. ad Odyss. p. 4), because no word was admitted into it which con- tained the letter <r. It is difficult however to conceive of the composition of an Odyssey from which the name of Odysseus must have been ex- cluded. The account of the matter given by Hesychius is more probable, that from the first book the letter a was excluded, from the second /S, and 60 on (Hes. s. v. Hiarwp). In any case it must have been a miserable exercise of ingenuity. A fourth work of Tryphiodorus was Uapdcppaais Twt/ 'Ojxripov TrapaSoKccv. AH these, and others not more distinctly named, have perished. The only effort of the muse of Tryphiodorus which has come down to us is his 'lAfou aXwcris, a poem consisting of 691 lines. From the small dimensions of it, it is necessarily little but a sketch. It is not, like the poem of Quintus Srayrnaeus, a con- tinuation of the Iliad ; it is an independent poem. After a brief indication of the subject, there follows a meagre recapitulation of some of the chief events since the death of Hector, given in the clumsiest and most confused manner, without any indication of the mode in which they were connected together. The proper subject of the poem begins with the account of the building of the wooden horse. Try- phiodorus describes minutely the painting and other adornments of the work, and enumerates the heroes who took their places in it ; not forgetting to mention the ambrosial food with which Athene provided them. In his account of Sinon Tryphi- odorus agrees more with Virgil, not with Quintus, who represents him as mutilated by the Trojans before he would tell them the purpose of the wooden horse. The episode of Laocoon is entirely omitted. After the horse had been brought into the temple