Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/110

98 author of the Dialogue was called Palladius, thinks he may have been the person to whom Athanasius wrote in 37 1 or 372. 3. De Gentibus Indiae et Bragmanibus. This work is, in several MSS., ascribed to Palladius of Helenopolis, and in one MS. is subjoined to the Historia Lausiaca. It was first published with a Latin version, but with- out the author's name, in the Liber Gnomologicus of Joachimu8Camerarius,8vo. Leipsic, without date, according to Fabricius,but placed by Niceron (Me- 7ttOiVes,vol.xix. p.ll2),inl57I. It was again printed, and this time under the name of Palladius, together with " S. Ambrosius De Moribus Brachmanorum," and " Anonymus, De Bragmanibus" by Sir Edward Bisse (Bissaeus), Clarenceux King of Arms, 4to., London, 1665. Some copies were printed on large paper in folio. The editor was evidently ignorant of the work having been published by Camerarius, and consequently gave a new Latin version, which is not considered equal to that of his predecessor. The authorship of Palladius is doubted by Cave, and de- nied by Oudin. Lambecius {De BiUioth. Caesaraea, vol. v. p. 181, ed. Kollar) ascribes the work to Palladius of Methone. [No. 9.] All that can be gathered from the work itself, is that the author was a Christian (passim), and lived while the Roman empire was yet in existence (p. 7, ed. Biss,), a mark of time, however, of little value, as the Byzantine empire retained to the last the name of Roman ; and that he visited the nearest parts of India in company with Moses, bishop of Adula, a place on the borders of Egypt and Aethiopia. If this be the Moses mentioned by Socrates (H. E. iv, 36) and Sozomen {H.E. vi. 38), he lived rather too early for Palladius of Helenopolis to have been his companion, nor is there any reason to suppose that the latter ever visited India, so that the work De Gentibus Indiae is probably ascribed to him without reason. The supposed work of St. Am- brose, published by Bisse, is repudiated by the Benedictine editors of that father, and has been shown by Kollar to be a free translation of the work ascribed to Palladius. (Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 401, vol. i. p. 376, fol. Oxford, 1740—43; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 727, vol. viii. p. 456, vol. X. p. 98, &c. ; Oudin, Comment, de Scriptor. Ecdes. vol. i. col. 908, &c. ; Tillemont, Memoires, vol. xi. p. 500, &c. ; Vossius, De Historicis Graecis, lib. ii. c. 19.)

8. Iatrosophista, of Alexandria. [See above.] 9. Of Methone, a sophist or rhetorician, was the son of Palladius, and lived in the reign of Constantine the Great. He wrote, (1) ,De Romanorum Festis ; (2.), Disputationes ; and (3.) , Orationes Diversae, Olympiaca, Panegyrica, Judicialis (Suidas, s. v. ; Eudocia , Violetum,  s.v. , apud Villoison, Anecdoi. Graec. p. 352). It is probable that what Suidas and Eudocia describe as Orationes Diversae are the, Exercitationes Diversae., which Photius (Bibl. codd. 132 — 135) had read, and which he describes as far superior in every respect to those of the rhetoricians Aphthonius [Aphthonius], Eusebius, and Maximus, of Alexandria. Lambecius ascribed, but without reason, to this Palladius the work De Gentibus Indiae, &c., published under the name of Palladius of Helenopolis [No. 7]. This Palladius of Methone must not be confounded with the Latin rhetorician Palladius, the friend of Symmachus, mentioned by Sidonius Apollinaris (Symmach. Epistol. passim ; Sidon. Epistol. lib. v. ep. 10). (Fa- bric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 1 35, vol. x. pp. 1 1 3, 7 1 6, &c. ; Vossius, De Historicis Graec. lib. iv. c. 18.) 10. PoETA. In various collections of the minor Latin poets is a short Lyric poem, Allegoria Oijihei, in the same measure as Horace's ode " Solvitur acris hiems," &c. Wemsdorf, who has given it in his Poetae Latini Minores, vol. iii. p. 396, distinguishes (ibid. p. 342, &c.) the author of it from Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus, the writer on Agri- culture ; and is disposed to identify him with the rhetorician Palladius who lived in the reign of Theodosius the Great, and to whom many of the letters of Symmachus are addressed. He thinks that he may perhaps be the Palladius to whom his father, Julius Nicephorus, erected a mo- nument, with the inscription, given by Gruter and others —

If these conjectures are well founded, it may be gathered that Palladius was the son of a rhetorician, or at least sprung from a family which had produced some rhetoricians of eminence;. that he was originally himself a rhetorician, but had been called to engage in public life, and held the praefecture or some other office in the town and port of Ostia. He is perhaps also the Palladius mentioned by Sidonius Apollinaris (lib. V. Epist. 10). Wemsdorf also identifies him with the Palladius " Poeta Scholasticus," several of whose verses are given in the Anthologia of Burmann : viz. Epituphium Ciceronis, lib. v. ii. 161, Argumentum in Aeneidos ii. 195, Epitaphia Virgilii, ii. 197, 198, De Raiione Fabulae, iii. 75, De Ortu Soils, v. 7, De Iride, v. 25, De Signis Coelestibus, V. 31, De Quatuor Tempestatibus, v. 58, De Amne Glacie Concreto, v. 97. (Burmann, Antholog. Latina, II. cc. ; Wemsdorf, Poetae Latini Minores, II. cc. ; Fabricius, Bibl. Med. et Infan. Latinit. vol. v. p. 191, ed. Mansi.)

11. Rhetor. [No. 9, 10.]

12. Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus, a writer on agriculture. [See below.]

13. Scotorum Episcopus. In the Chronicon of Prosper Aquitanus, under the consulship of Bassus and Antiochus (a. d. 431), this passage occurs, " Ad Scotos in Christum credentes ordinatur a papa Coelestino Palladius, et primus episcopus mittitur." In another work of the same writer {Cofitra Collatorem, c. 21, § 2), speaking of Coelestine's exertions to repress the doctrines of Pelagius, he says, " Ordinate Scotis episcopo, dum Romanam insulam studet servare Catholicam, fecit etiam barbarara Christianam." (Opera, col. 363, ed. Paris, 1711.) To these meagre notices, the only ones found in contemporary writers (unless, with some, we refer to the conversion of the Scoti the lines of Prosper De Ingratis, vss. 330 — 332), the chroniclers and historians of the middle ages have added a variety of contradictory particulars, so that it is difficult, indeed impossible, to extract the true facts of Palladius' history. It has been a matter of fierce dispute between the Irish and the Scots, to which of them Palladius was sent ; but the usage of the word " Scoti," in Prosper's time, and the distinction drawn by him between " insulam Romanam " and " insulam barbaram," seem to determine the question in favour