Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/1098

 H. E. viii. 11—19; Cave, FTist. LiU. s. a. 385, pp.279, 280; Fabric. Bibl. Grace, vol. vii. pp. 108, foil. ; Murdock, note to Mosheim, EccL Hist. vol. i. p. 444, Engl. ed. ; Gieseler, Eccl. Hist. vol. i. pp. 364 — 367, Davidson's transl. ; Clinton, Fast. Horn. s. aa. 385, 387, 401, 402, 404.)

. A chronographer, of unknown time, fre- quently cited by John Malala. (Cave, Hist. Lift., Dissert, i. vol. ii. p. 19 ; Fabric. Dill. Grace, vol. vii. pp. 1 10, 444 ; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 505, cd. Westennann.)

. Presbyter, the author of a Commentary on the Orucn/a de Urbe Constayitinopolitana, of the emperor, Leo Sapiens. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. pp. 504, 505, ed. Westermann ; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 111.)

An account of several other less important persons of this name is given in Fabricius, (Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. pp. 111 — 114.) [P. S.]

THEO'PHILUS {@d<piKos was one of the lawyers of Constantinople who were employed by Justinian on his first Code, on the Digest and on the composition of the Institutes {De Novo Codiee faciendo., § 1, De Justinianeo Codiee confurmando, § 2, De Coiifirmatione Digestorum, Tanta, t^-c, § 9, Jnstit. D. Justiniani Prooemium, § 3). In A. D. 528 Theophilus was comes sacri consistorii and juris doctor at Constantinople. In A. d. 529 he was ex magistro and juris doctor at Constantinople ; and in A. D. 532 he had the titles of Illustris, Ma- gister and Juris peritus at Constantinople. This Theophilus is the author of the Greek translation or paraphrase of the Institutes of Justinian, a fact which is now universally admitted, though some of the older critics supposed that there were two Theophili, one the compiler of the Institutes, and the other the author of the Greek version. The Greek paraphrase was made perhaps shortly afterthepromulgationofthelnstitutes A.D. 533;and it was probably in a.d. 534 that, as professor of law at Constantinople, Theophilus read upon the Latin text of the Institutes, the commentary in Greek entitled " a Greek Paraphrase of the Institutes," and which was intended for the first year's course of legal studies. It may have been about the same time that Theophilus explained to his class the first part, or first four books (TrpcSra), of the Digest, some fragments of which are preserved in the scholia on the Basilica : this explanation completed the first year's course of study. We also infer from the same scholia that, in a. d. 535, Theophi- lus explained to his class the second part, or the seven books {Do Jtidiciis), for the same scholia have preserved passages from his commentary on this part of the Digest. There are also fragments of his commentary on the third division {De Rebus). His labours, apparently, did not extend beyond A. D. 535, and he may have died in A. D. 536, as it is conjectured. Thalelaeus, one of his colleagues, in the school of Constantinople, speaks of him as dead ; and probably Thalelaeus wrote about A. d. 537. The title of the paraphrase of Theophilus is lv(rTirovra Qeocpihov 'AvriKeuawpos, Instituta Theophili Antccensoris. It became the text for the In- stitutes in the East, where the Latin language was little known, and entirely displaced the Latin text. It maintained itself as a manual of law until the eighth and tenth centuries, though others were Bubsequently published by the Greek emperors. This text was employed, as we see, on all occasions where the Institutes were used, even to the time of the Hexabiblos of Harmenapulus, the last Greek jurisconsult. It is conjectured, however, that there was a literal Greek version of the Institutes, for in some of the scholia (Basil, ed. Heirabach, i. p. 611, schol. 2) the text of the Institutes, which is cited several times, is not that of Theophilus. It is also conjectured that Theophilus was not the editor of his own paraphrase, but that it was drawn up by some of his pupils, after the explanation of the professor ; and the ground for this opinion is that certain barbarous expressions are found in it, that the variations of the manuscripts are very nu- merous, and that several passages are repeated. The paraphrase is, however, of great use for the study of the text of the Institutes, many passages in which would be unintelligible without it. The first edition of the paraphrase was by Vi- glius Zuichemus, Basle, 1531, fol. ; and it was followed by several others, among which that of Fabrot was the best. But the most complete edition is that by G. 0. Reitz, Haag, 1751, 2 vols. 4to. There is a German translation by Wiistemann, 1823, 2 vols. 8vo. {Mox.VGm., Histoire du Droit Byzantin, ^c, Paris, 1843.) [G. L.]

THEO'PHILUS (0e(5(/)iAos), physicians. 1. Apparently a contemporary of Galen in the second century after Christ, who gives an account of his delirium during an illness. {De Symptom. Differ, c. 3, a-oI. vii. p. 60.) . A " Comes Archiatrorum," mentioned by St. Chrysostom in a letter to Olympias (vol. iii. p. 571, ed. Bened.), written about A. D. 407, as having attended on himself. He may possibly be the same person who is quoted by Aetius (see No. 3). . The author of one or two medical formulae quoted by Aetius (ii. 3. 41, 42, 110, pp. 318, 319, 356), must have lived some time in or before the sixth century after Christ. It is not known whe- ther he is the same person who is quoted by Rhazes {Cant. i. 3, p. 6, ed. 1506), and who appears to have written a work De Memhris Dolentibus (id. ibid. V. 1, p. 100). . Theophilus Protospatharius {TlpwTo- (Tiraddpios), the author of several Greek medical works, which are still extant, .and of which it is not quite certain whether some do not belong to Philaretus [Philaretus] and Philotheus [Philotheus]. Every thing connected Avith his titles, the events of his life, and the time when he lived, is uncertain. He is generally called " Pro- tospatharius," which seems to have been originally a military title given to the colonel of the body- guards of the emperor of Constantinople {Spatharii, or 2«|UaTo^yAaK6s) ; but which afterwards became also a high civil dignity, or was at any rate asso- ciated with the government of provinces and the functions of a judge. (See Dr. Greenhill's Notes to Theoph., or Penny Ojclopedia^ art. Theophilus^ and the references there given.) With respect to the personal history of Theo- philus, if, as is generally done, we trust to the titles of the MSS. of his works, and so endeavour to trace the events of his life, we may conjecture that he lived in the seventh century after Christ ; that he was the tutor to Stephanus Atheniensis [Stephanus, p. 907 J ; that he arrived at high pro- fessional and political rank ; and that at last he embraced the monastic life. All this is, however, quite uncertain ; and with respect to his date, it